爆破地震波传播与边坡岩体动力响应
发布时间：2018-08-08 15:00
【摘要】：我国大部分金属和非金属矿山均采用露天开采的开采方式,边坡滑坡是露天矿山最常见的工程地质灾害。露天滑坡的形成除了与边坡岩体本身的工程及水文地质因素有关外,露天矿长期重复的生产爆破是不可忽略的因素。论文以某露天矿生产爆破产生的地震波为研究对象,通过对多台阶地形的爆破振动数据进行观测,研究了多台阶地形的爆破地震波传播规律、主频变化规律和能量分布规律。以矿山实际边坡台阶参数与爆破参数为依据,采用数值模拟的方法研究了多台阶的爆破地震波传播规律、高程变化下爆破地震波传播规律和坡面角度对爆破地震波传播规律影响,并对台阶模型进行了动力响应分析及安全振速计算。实验研究表明,随着高程与爆心距的增加,爆破地震波能量由开始集中的两个低高频段逐渐向低频段转移;坡顶与坡脚处的主频均随着高程的增加而不断减小;随着高程与爆心距的增加,振速先急剧减小,后由于放大作用衰减速度降低;沿着台阶坡面等距向上,爆破振速也是呈现先增大后减小的趋势;在同一台阶平面内,由正对爆区方向测点向两侧延伸的情况下,也有放大效应,并且这种放大效应随高程的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,据此提出修正后的振速计算公式。数值模拟分析发现,在单一高程变化下,爆破振动速度随着高程的增加呈现逐渐减小的趋势,没有出现明显的高程放大作用;不同坡面角度下,坡面各个测点振动速度均在初始阶段急剧减小,随后振动速度变化开始平缓,并伴有放大现象;在保持坡顶与爆源相对位置不变的情况下,随着坡面角度的增大,坡顶测点竖直振动速度峰值与其下方测点竖直振动速度峰值不断减小。在实验研究与数值模拟的基础上,提出坡面角度影响下的表征高程的爆破振动速度计算模型;建立了爆破振动速度与剪切应力之间的线性关系,并对边坡坡面与坡体内部的安全振速进行了计算。
[Abstract]:Most metal and non-metal mines in China adopt open-pit mining. Slope landslide is the most common engineering geological hazard in open-pit mines. In addition to the engineering and hydrogeological factors of slope rock mass, the long-term repeated production blasting of open-pit mine is a factor that can not be ignored. In this paper, the seismic wave produced by blasting in an opencast mine is taken as the research object. By observing the blasting vibration data of multi-step terrain, the propagation law of blasting seismic wave, the law of main frequency variation and the law of energy distribution of multi-step terrain are studied. Based on the actual slope step parameters and blasting parameters, the propagation law of blasting seismic wave with multiple steps is studied by numerical simulation. The propagation law of blasting seismic wave and slope angle influence the propagation law of blasting seismic wave under the change of height, and the dynamic response analysis and safe vibration velocity calculation of the step model are carried out. The experimental results show that the energy of blasting seismic wave shifts gradually from two low frequency bands to low frequency band with the increase of height and the distance between the blasting center and the height, and the main frequency at the top and the foot of the slope decreases with the increase of the height. With the increase of height and the distance between the blasting center and the height, the vibration velocity first decreases sharply, and then decreases because of the magnification. Along the step slope, the blasting vibration velocity increases first and then decreases; in the same step plane, the blasting vibration velocity increases first and then decreases. There is an amplification effect when the measuring point extends to both sides in the direction of the positive blasting zone, and the amplification effect increases first and then decreases with the increase of the height. Based on this, the modified formula for calculating the vibration velocity is put forward. The numerical simulation results show that the blasting vibration velocity decreases gradually with the increase of elevation under the condition of single elevation, and there is no obvious elevation amplification. The vibration velocity of each measuring point on the slope decreases sharply in the initial stage, and then the vibration velocity changes slowly, accompanied by the phenomenon of magnification; while keeping the relative position of the top of the slope and the explosion source unchanged, with the increase of the slope angle, The peak value of vertical vibration velocity at the top measuring point and the vertical vibration velocity at the bottom of the measuring point decreases continuously. On the basis of experimental research and numerical simulation, a calculation model of blasting vibration velocity under the influence of slope angle is proposed, and the linear relationship between blasting vibration velocity and shear stress is established. The safe vibration velocity of slope surface and slope body is calculated.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235.1
本文编号：2172149
[Abstract]:Most metal and non-metal mines in China adopt open-pit mining. Slope landslide is the most common engineering geological hazard in open-pit mines. In addition to the engineering and hydrogeological factors of slope rock mass, the long-term repeated production blasting of open-pit mine is a factor that can not be ignored. In this paper, the seismic wave produced by blasting in an opencast mine is taken as the research object. By observing the blasting vibration data of multi-step terrain, the propagation law of blasting seismic wave, the law of main frequency variation and the law of energy distribution of multi-step terrain are studied. Based on the actual slope step parameters and blasting parameters, the propagation law of blasting seismic wave with multiple steps is studied by numerical simulation. The propagation law of blasting seismic wave and slope angle influence the propagation law of blasting seismic wave under the change of height, and the dynamic response analysis and safe vibration velocity calculation of the step model are carried out. The experimental results show that the energy of blasting seismic wave shifts gradually from two low frequency bands to low frequency band with the increase of height and the distance between the blasting center and the height, and the main frequency at the top and the foot of the slope decreases with the increase of the height. With the increase of height and the distance between the blasting center and the height, the vibration velocity first decreases sharply, and then decreases because of the magnification. Along the step slope, the blasting vibration velocity increases first and then decreases; in the same step plane, the blasting vibration velocity increases first and then decreases. There is an amplification effect when the measuring point extends to both sides in the direction of the positive blasting zone, and the amplification effect increases first and then decreases with the increase of the height. Based on this, the modified formula for calculating the vibration velocity is put forward. The numerical simulation results show that the blasting vibration velocity decreases gradually with the increase of elevation under the condition of single elevation, and there is no obvious elevation amplification. The vibration velocity of each measuring point on the slope decreases sharply in the initial stage, and then the vibration velocity changes slowly, accompanied by the phenomenon of magnification; while keeping the relative position of the top of the slope and the explosion source unchanged, with the increase of the slope angle, The peak value of vertical vibration velocity at the top measuring point and the vertical vibration velocity at the bottom of the measuring point decreases continuously. On the basis of experimental research and numerical simulation, a calculation model of blasting vibration velocity under the influence of slope angle is proposed, and the linear relationship between blasting vibration velocity and shear stress is established. The safe vibration velocity of slope surface and slope body is calculated.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235.1
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