基于Volterra级数理论的整星隔振系统非线性特性研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 17:39

【摘要】：随着航天技术的发展，人类并不满足于在太空作短暂的旅游，越来越多的卫星、空间站等新航天器不断被送入太空。航天器在发射过程中经历着复杂严酷的动力学环境。同时，为了有效传递运载火箭的推力，，传统的星箭连接结构采用刚度很大的锥壳适配器，这就导致卫星受到多种低中高频的振动和冲击载荷的作用。剧烈的振动会造成卫星结构疲劳破坏、敏感元件失效。为了减少或抑制这些载荷对卫星及其部件的作用，国内外航天界通常采用加固卫星结构或对性能指标达不到要求的部件进行单独隔振。但是，这些措施会增加卫星的无用质量并挤占运载器有限的发射重量和空间。二十世纪九十年代提出的整星隔振思想为降低运载火箭传递到卫星上的各种振动和冲击载荷提供了高效适用的方法。本文对提出的粘弹性约束阻尼桁架整星被动隔振器及基于Volterra泛函级数理论对整星隔振系统的非线性特性作了深入、系统的研究。本文主要研究了以下几个方面的内容：针对传统的有效载荷适配器，提出了替代式粘弹性约束阻尼桁架隔振器。研究了整星隔振器中粘弹性阻尼结构的动态行为，并设计了粘弹性材料性能测试装置。通过实验对模型参数进行了辨识，讨论了阻尼结构刚度随频率和阻尼面积的变化规律，为基于粘弹性材料的粘弹性约束阻尼桁架隔振器的研究奠定了基础。基于Volterra泛函级数理论，以本文所研究隔振器的实际模型参数为基础，对具有刚度非线性特征的非线性系统的五阶广义频率响应函数进行了推导，并分析了其频响特性。在不同输入激励下，对非线性系统的输出频率响应特性进行了研究，并将用Volterra泛函级数方法得到的响应特性与谐波平衡法进行了比较，验证了理论分析结果的正确性。利用输出频率响应函数对基础位移激励下，具有刚度非线性和阻尼非线性的非线性隔振系统的相对位移输出响应进行了研究，分析了非线性阻尼参数对输出响应的影响，并基于Volterra泛函级数理论对这一结果给出了理论上的证明。在此基础上，分析了非线性刚度参数和非线性阻尼参数在不同的频率范围对绝对位移传递率的影响。建立了整星隔振系统的非线性动力学模型，在基础位移激励下，采用输出频率响应函数分析了一阶共振区和二阶共振区及其它非共振区系统的非线性表征参数对从隔振器底部到卫星的振动传递率的影响。基于改进的自适应蚁群算法对提出的粘弹性约束阻尼桁架隔振器进行了结构参数优化，并对隔振性能进行了有限元分析，同时对添加整星隔振平台的全箭动特性进行了仿真研究。设计加工制造粘弹性约束阻尼桁架整星被动隔振平台，并对隔振平台原理性样机进行了实验研究。将仿真结果与实验结果对比，验证本文所提出的约束粘弹性阻尼桁架隔振平台的有效性，并通过实验分析了整星隔振系统非线性因素对输出响应和共振频率的影响，同时也验证了本文基于Volterra泛函级数法理论分析的正确性。
[Abstract]:With the development of space technology, more and more satellites, space stations and other new spacecrafts are constantly sent into space. Spacecrafts undergo a complex and harsh dynamic environment during the launch process. At the same time, in order to effectively transmit the thrust of launch vehicles, the traditional spacecraft-rocket connection structure uses stiffness. In order to reduce or restrain the effect of these loads on satellites and their components, the aerospace circles at home and abroad usually adopt reinforcement of satellite structures or performance indicators. These measures, however, will increase the useless mass of the satellite and squeeze the limited launch weight and space of the carrier. The idea of Whole-Satellite vibration isolation proposed in the 1990s provides an efficient and applicable method for reducing the various vibration and impact loads transmitted to the satellite by the carrier rocket.
In this paper, the viscoelastic constrained damping truss passive vibration isolator and the nonlinear characteristics of the whole satellite vibration isolation system based on Volterra functional series theory are studied systematically.
An alternative viscoelastic constrained damping truss isolator is proposed for the traditional payload adapter. The dynamic behavior of viscoelastic damped structure in the whole spacecraft isolator is studied, and a testing device for the performance of viscoelastic materials is designed. The variation law lays a foundation for the study of viscoelastic constrained damping truss isolators based on viscoelastic materials.
Based on the Volterra functional series theory and the actual model parameters of the isolator studied in this paper, the fifth-order generalized frequency response function of the nonlinear system with stiffness and nonlinearity is derived and its frequency response characteristics are analyzed. The response characteristics obtained by the Volterra functional series method are compared with those obtained by the harmonic balance method, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis results is verified.
The output displacement response of a nonlinear vibration isolation system with stiffness nonlinearity and damping nonlinearity under displacement excitation is studied by using the output frequency response function. The influence of nonlinear damping parameters on the output response is analyzed. The result is proved theoretically based on Volterra functional series theory. On this basis, the influence of nonlinear stiffness and damping parameters on absolute displacement transfer rate in different frequency range is analyzed.
The nonlinear dynamic model of the whole satellite isolation system is established. The output frequency response function is used to analyze the influence of the nonlinear characterization parameters of the first-order resonance region and the second-order resonance region and other non-resonance regions on the vibration transmission rate from the base of the isolator to the satellite. Based on the improved adaptive ant colony algorithm The structural parameters of the viscoelastic constrained damping truss isolator are optimized, and the vibration isolation performance is analyzed by finite element method. The full rocket dynamic characteristics of the isolation platform are simulated.
The Whole-Satellite passive vibration isolation platform with viscoelastic constrained damping truss is designed and manufactured, and the principle prototype of the platform is experimentally studied. The effectiveness of the platform is verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental results, and the nonlinear factors of the Whole-Satellite vibration isolation system are analyzed through experiments. The effect of output response and resonance frequency also verifies the validity of the theoretical analysis based on Volterra functional series method.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1;V414

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