东北地区冬季自然冷能在乳品厂制冷系统中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 15:34

【摘要】：中国是发展中国家,也是一个能源供应十分紧张的国家。随着国民经济持续快速的发展,对能源的需求也快速增长,进一步加大了国内资源和环境的压力。因此,如何提高能源的利用效率和开发新的替代能源是当今世界面临的紧要问题。自然冷源即冬季寒冷空气、冰雪及冷水等不同形式的能源,是大自然赐予人类一笔取之不尽的巨大资源财富,对其进行科学、合理、有效地开发与利用意义十分重大而深远。针对这一实际问题,在国内外文献及调研资料的研究基础上,本文首次提出将东北地区冬季自然冷能和制冷系统结合在一起,对其可行性进行分析,把该技术推广运用到实际生产过程中,并通过北方地区冬季自然冷能研究和具体理论分析两方面,对其实践效果及可能遇到的问题进行初次探索,以期得到相应的实际数据,为东北地区冬季自然冷能的应用研究以及制冷系统的节能提供参考依据。首先,对自然冷能在乳品厂制冷系统的应用进行可行性研究。通过乳品厂制冷系统制冷原理特点,从节能入手,研究不同解决室外冷能与乳品厂制冷系统所需能量相匹配可行的方案。对比分析不同方案的优缺点,最终决定设置一台中间媒介装置。此装置可将室外温度不断变化的冷源转换为所需固定冷源,从而起到节约能耗的效果。其次,对乳品厂制冷系统中自然能应用装置进行研究设计。本文以乳品厂作为研究对象,通过对乳品厂制冷原理与自然能的研究,将北方地区自然冷能应用到乳品厂制冷系统中。本文的主要内容是,首次采用双面插管的设计方式,进行自然冷能应用装置的设计,通过对不同的室外温度的计算、所选材料及管径尺寸的选择、乳品厂换热系数与换热面积的大量计算,设计出适合整个东北乳品厂制冷系统的自然冷能应用装置,从而起到乳品厂节约能耗的作用；对自然冷能应用装置内走水温度分布进行模拟计算研究,模拟出应用装置在不同室外温度下流水的换热情况。然后,进行东北地区自然冷能在乳品厂应用的实验研究。将所设计的自然冷能应用装置运用到乳品厂冬季运行当中,对装置中运行的载冷剂给水、回水温度每小时进行温度测量,连续数日测量不同室外温度下的温度变化状况,并绘制出温度变化曲线。将所模拟数据与在冬季运行实验所测试数据进行对比分析,找到两组数据的一致性,对模拟进行验证。最后,根据实验结果,对所设计研究的自然冷能应用装置进行改进研究设计与推广展望。找出实验与模拟的差异性,对其研究分析,再进行理论改进,并采取一些防止载冷剂结冰的必要手段,使自然冷能应用装置可以适应整个东北地区冬季室外温度,验证东北地区冬季自然冷能在乳品厂节能应用的可行性。分析其他制冷企业与乳品厂的差异与共同性,根据不同制冷企业的不同冷量需求及其他要求,可将所设计的自然冷能应用装置进行改良,应用其制冷企业中：高温冷库、制药厂、食品厂等以食用水为载冷剂的制冷企业中,除各自冷量参数自行设计外,可完全使用本文所设计的自然冷能应用装置；啤酒厂中也可使用,但由于载冷剂不同于乳品厂,是冰点为-12.6℃的乙二醇,所以可将自然冷能应用装置管内走水,管外走风,同时也应当注意防冻问题。将此类自然冷能应用装置推广于整个制冷行业中,有助于整个行业的节能,对于整个社会可持续发展有着深远的重大意义。
[Abstract]:As a developing country, China is also a country with very tight energy supply. With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, the demand for energy is also growing rapidly, which further increases the pressure on domestic resources and environment. The natural cold source is the winter cold air, ice and snow, cold water and other different forms of energy, is an inexhaustible natural wealth of human resources, its scientific, rational, effective development and utilization of great significance and far-reaching.
In view of this practical problem, on the basis of domestic and foreign literatures and research data, this paper puts forward the first time to combine the winter natural cooling energy and refrigeration system in Northeast China, analyzes its feasibility, popularizes the technology to the actual production process, and through the winter natural cooling energy research and specific theoretical analysis in North China. In order to obtain the corresponding actual data and provide reference for the application of natural cold energy in winter and the energy saving of refrigeration system in Northeast China, the practical effect and possible problems are explored for the first time.
Firstly, the feasibility study on the application of natural cooling energy in the refrigeration system of dairy factory is carried out. Based on the refrigeration principle and characteristics of the refrigeration system of the dairy factory, the feasible schemes for different solutions to match the outdoor cooling energy with the energy required by the refrigeration system of the dairy factory are studied. Medium device. This device can change the cold source with the changing outdoor temperature into the fixed cold source, thus saving energy.
Secondly, the application of natural energy in the refrigeration system of dairy factory is studied and designed. This paper takes the dairy factory as the research object, through the study of the refrigeration principle and natural energy of the dairy factory, applies the natural cold energy in the northern region to the refrigeration system of the dairy factory. By calculating different outdoor temperatures, choosing the selected materials and sizes of tubes, and calculating the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer area of dairy factory, a natural cooling energy application device suitable for the refrigeration system of Northeast Dairy Factory is designed, which can save energy in dairy factory. The temperature distribution of running water in the device was simulated to simulate the heat transfer of running water at different outdoor temperatures.
Then, the experimental study on the application of natural cooling energy in dairy plants in Northeast China was carried out. The designed natural cooling energy application device was applied to the winter operation of dairy plants. The simulated data are compared with the experimental data in winter. The consistency of the two sets of data is found and verified.
Finally, according to the experimental results, the improved research design and popularization prospect of the designed and researched natural cooling energy application device are carried out. The differences between the experiment and simulation are found out, the research and analysis are carried out, and the theoretical improvement is made. Some necessary measures to prevent the freezing of the carrier are adopted to make the natural cooling energy application device adapt to the winter in the whole Northeast China. The outdoor temperature of the season verifies the feasibility of the application of natural cooling energy in the dairy factory in Northeast China in winter.The differences and commonalities between other refrigeration enterprises and dairy factory are analyzed.According to the different refrigeration demand and other requirements of different refrigeration enterprises,the designed application device of natural cooling energy can be improved. In refrigeration enterprises such as warehouses, pharmaceutical factories and food factories, which use edible water as refrigerant, besides their own cooling capacity parameters, they can completely use the natural cooling energy applicators designed in this paper; they can also be used in breweries, but the natural cooling energy applicators can be used because they are different from dairy factories and are ethylene glycol with a freezing point of - 12.6 degrees Celsius. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of the whole society to popularize this kind of natural cooling energy application device in the whole refrigeration industry.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB657

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