基于传声器阵列的匀加速运动声源识别与声场可视化研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 18:23

【摘要】：运动声源的声辐射和声源定位问题一直以来都是各国专家学者研究的热点问题，了解运动声源的运动状态对声场的影响是求解运动声源声场的前提；此外，基于传声器阵列和波束形成技术的声源声场可视化技术可以使声源的位置和强度信息更加清晰明了；传声器的阵列形式对阵列的主要性能——指向性有较大的影响，因此对阵列形式进行优化讨论，得到性能理想的阵列对声源定位具有指导意义；利用优化阵列设计实时声源定位可视化系统是本文的最终目的。针对以上问题本文主要进行了以下几方面的研究。（1）利用运动声源声辐射基本理论建立了匀加速运动声源声辐射基本模型；讨论了声源匀加速运动时的声场计算方法，，通过分析定义了匀加速运动时声场的主要影响因子——“声矢量”，并进行了数值解析，得到了匀加速运动时的声场模型计算方法。（2）探讨了波束形成算法中的常规波束形成技术（CBF）、MVDR算法和MUSIC算法的声源定位机理，并对各种算法进行了仿真分析，比较不同算法的优劣性和适应性。（3）利用波束形成原理对规则阵列和不规则阵列的性能进行分析，比较了在阵元数目和阵列孔径固定的时候不同阵列形式的指向性优劣，并对阵列进行优化，最后选择确定了最优阵列形式。（4）基于筛选出的最优化阵列形式设计声成像系统。从硬件和软件两方面设计实现声场可视化和声像图的实时、离线显示和分析。硬件方面对传声器阵列，电源模块，采集模块等进行设计；软件方面利用LabVIEW对波束形成算法进行设计实现声像图生成。（5）在半消声室对系统性能进行测试和实验研究，在空旷地带对运动汽车进行测试。实验结果表明：声成像系统具有较高的空间分辨能力和较好的噪声抑制效果，可以实现对运动声源的定位和声场可视化。
[Abstract]:The problem of sound radiation and location of moving sound source has always been a hot topic for experts and scholars all over the world. Understanding the influence of moving state of moving sound source on sound field is the premise of solving the sound field of moving sound source. The acoustic field visualization technology based on microphone array and beamforming technology can make the position and intensity information of sound source more clear, and the array form of microphone has great influence on the main performance of array directivity. Therefore, the optimization of array form is discussed, and the ideal array has guiding significance for sound source location. The final purpose of this paper is to design a real-time sound source location visualization system using optimized array. Aiming at the above problems, this paper mainly studies the following aspects: (1) by using the basic theory of sound radiation of moving sound source, the basic model of sound radiation of moving sound source is established, and the calculation method of sound field when sound source is uniformly accelerated is discussed. The "acoustic vector", which is the main influence factor of sound field in uniform acceleration motion, is defined and analyzed numerically. The sound field model calculation method for uniformly accelerating motion is obtained. (2) the sound source localization mechanism of the conventional beamforming technique, (CBF) MVDR algorithm and MUSIC algorithm, is discussed, and the simulation analysis of various algorithms is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages and adaptability of different algorithms are compared. (3) the performance of regular array and irregular array is analyzed by using the principle of beamforming. When the number of array elements and the aperture of array are fixed, the directivity of different array forms is compared, and the array is optimized. Finally, the optimal array form is selected. (4) the acoustic imaging system is designed based on the selected optimal array form. Both hardware and software are designed to realize the visualization of sound field and the real-time display and analysis of sound image. Hardware design of microphone array, power module, acquisition module, etc. In software, the beamforming algorithm is designed by LabVIEW. (5) the performance of the system is tested and experimentally studied in the semi-acoustic chamber. Test the sports car in the open space. The experimental results show that the acoustic imaging system has higher spatial resolution and better noise suppression effect, and it can realize the localization of moving sound sources and the visualization of sound field.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB52

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