设备隔振系统的测试及参数辨识方法研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 21:47

【摘要】：近些年来,随着消费者对家用机电类产品品质要求的不断提高,产品本身以及制造过程的振动与噪声控制,成为研究关注的焦点。采用特定的阻尼材料制成隔振垫,具有效果明显、成本低,对原设计影响小的特点,是最常用的减振降噪手段。而由阻尼材料构成隔振系统的减振效果与负荷重量、振动幅度、振动频率、减振材料的阻尼特性、刚度、结构等因素有关。本文研究适用于具体产品研发过程中的减振设计实验方法,目的是减少试验工作量,同时获得更好减振设计方案。于是设计一套方便快捷的材料测试机系统,主要对材料的阻尼特性、刚度、结构进行研究。然后在振动设备台上对给定负荷重量、振动幅度、振动频率工况下的隔振系统进行测试。主要研究内容有:(1)根据材料本身结构特性,本文打破了以往锤击法获取模态信息的方法,采用阶跃激励,通过获取记录时域响应信号来研究材料性能参数。在众多参数辨识方法中,选取对数衰减法和Hilbert包络法对材料的刚度和阻尼等参数进行精确地估计。同时采用简谐激励法,通过对隔振系统的测试获取系统频响函数,选取半功率点带宽法来识别材料性能参数。(2)本文基于美国国家仪器公司的软件平台和硬件设备,采用虚拟仪器技术开发软件测试系统,并搭建数据采集系统。软件测试系统适用于材料性能研究和隔振系统测试。此套软件系统具备数据的在线采集和分析以及离线分析功能。(3)在材料测试机和振动设备台上分别对不同结构材料的研究和隔振系统的测试,在给定结构、负荷重量、振动幅度、振动频率下,研究了材料和隔振系统中刚度和阻尼参数的特性,在一定条件范围内,证明了将减振模型近似成线性模型的正确性,可以用线性模型去理解实际隔振系统,评价减振效果。同时本课题研究的隔振系统在特定频段内减振效果能达到99%,充分体现隔振系统的减振作用。(4)为了实现特定频段的减振效果和获取更好的减振方案,仍需结合材料性能研究和隔振系统的减振效果测试,根据减振理论与实测结果进行分析,适当调节材料刚度和阻尼等参数。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous improvement of consumers'requirements for the quality of household electrical and mechanical products, the vibration and noise control of the products themselves and the manufacturing process has become the focus of research. The damping effect of vibration isolation system composed of damping materials is related to load weight, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, damping characteristics of damping materials, stiffness, structure and other factors. The main contents are as follows: (1) According to the structural characteristics of the material itself, this paper breaks through the past. The hammering method is used to obtain the modal information, and the step excitation method is used to obtain the recorded time-domain response signals to study the material performance parameters. In many parameter identification methods, the logarithmic attenuation method and the Hilbert envelope method are selected to accurately estimate the stiffness and damping parameters of the material. (2) Based on the software platform and hardware equipment of National Instrument Corporation of America, the software testing system is developed with virtual instrument technology, and the data acquisition system is built. The software testing system is suitable for material performance research and vibration isolation system testing. The software system has the functions of on-line data acquisition and analysis as well as off-line analysis. (3) The research of different structural materials and the test of vibration isolation system are carried out on the material testing machine and vibration equipment platform. The stiffness and damping parameters of material and vibration isolation system are studied under given structure, load weight, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency. In a certain range of conditions, the correctness of approximating the damping model to a linear model is proved. The linear model can be used to understand the actual vibration isolation system and evaluate the damping effect. In order to obtain better damping effect and better damping scheme, it is still necessary to study the material properties and test the damping effect of the isolation system, analyze the damping theory and the measured results, and adjust the material stiffness and damping parameters properly.
【学位授予单位】：五邑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB535.1

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