水下低照度相机电子学系统的设计与实现
发布时间：2018-09-14 20:47
【摘要】：在水下作业中,水下遇险目标表面损伤的高清晰观测,对于打捞方案的制定不可或缺。海水中,尤其是接近海床的位置,水体能见度很低,研究一种能够在浑浊环境下工作的水下低照度相机,在水下能够提供清晰的图像,具有重大意义。EMCCD作为新一代的低照度成像芯片,具有高灵敏度、低噪声等优点,在低照度成像领域得到广泛应用。本文分析了 EMCCD相机国内外的发展现状,介绍了 EMCCD的结构和工作原理,并针对本次设计中水下低照度相机的核心感光芯片——CCD97(一款E2V公司生产的EMCCD芯片),设计并实现了整套电子学系统。水下低照度相机电子学系统是整个相机的硬件核心,主要包括EMCCD驱动模块、FPGA控制模块、模拟前端模块和电源模块。首先对CCD97的结构及驱动需求进行分析,并以此为基础设计EMCCD驱动模块,实现了 CCD97驱动信号的电平转换及功率放大,使高压倍增增益可调,并提供了低噪声的偏置电压;分析FPGA控制模块所需资源并选型,设计并实现了周围接口电路;设计了模拟前端模块,对CCD97输出信号进行读出放大,并能够进行相关双采样、暗电平截断等操作;分析整个系统的供电需求,分别针对不同的模块的需要,设计了稳定的低噪声电源模块;最后对各个模块分别测试并给出了总体测试结果。测试结果表明,该电子学系统符合水下低照度相机的工作需要,在其基础上搭建的水下低照度相机,拍摄的水下图像清晰,证明了本设计的正确性。
[Abstract]:In underwater operation, high-definition observation of surface damage of underwater distress target is indispensable to the formulation of salvage scheme. In the sea water, especially near the seabed, the visibility of the water is very low. A kind of underwater low illumination camera which can work in a cloudy environment is studied, which can provide a clear image under the water. As a new generation of low illuminance imaging chip, EMCCD has the advantages of high sensitivity and low noise, and has been widely used in the field of low illuminance imaging. This paper analyzes the development of EMCCD camera at home and abroad, and introduces the structure and working principle of EMCCD. A complete electronic system is designed and implemented for the core photosensitive chip CCD97 (a EMCCD chip produced by E2V company) of the underwater low illuminance camera in this design. The electronic system of underwater low illuminance camera is the hardware core of the whole camera, which mainly includes EMCCD driver module, FPGA control module, analog front-end module and power supply module. Firstly, the structure and driving requirement of CCD97 are analyzed, and the EMCCD driver module is designed on this basis, which realizes the level conversion and power amplification of the CCD97 driving signal, makes the high voltage multiplication gain adjustable, and provides low noise bias voltage. This paper analyzes the resources needed by FPGA control module, designs and implements the peripheral interface circuit, designs the analog front-end module, reads out and amplifies the output signal of CCD97, and can perform the operations of correlation double sampling, dark level truncation and so on. The power supply demand of the whole system is analyzed, and a stable low noise power supply module is designed according to the needs of different modules. Finally, each module is tested and the overall test results are given. The test results show that the electronic system meets the requirements of the underwater low illuminance camera. The underwater low illuminance camera is built on the basis of the electronic system and the underwater image is clear, which proves the correctness of the design.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB852.1
[Abstract]:In underwater operation, high-definition observation of surface damage of underwater distress target is indispensable to the formulation of salvage scheme. In the sea water, especially near the seabed, the visibility of the water is very low. A kind of underwater low illumination camera which can work in a cloudy environment is studied, which can provide a clear image under the water. As a new generation of low illuminance imaging chip, EMCCD has the advantages of high sensitivity and low noise, and has been widely used in the field of low illuminance imaging. This paper analyzes the development of EMCCD camera at home and abroad, and introduces the structure and working principle of EMCCD. A complete electronic system is designed and implemented for the core photosensitive chip CCD97 (a EMCCD chip produced by E2V company) of the underwater low illuminance camera in this design. The electronic system of underwater low illuminance camera is the hardware core of the whole camera, which mainly includes EMCCD driver module, FPGA control module, analog front-end module and power supply module. Firstly, the structure and driving requirement of CCD97 are analyzed, and the EMCCD driver module is designed on this basis, which realizes the level conversion and power amplification of the CCD97 driving signal, makes the high voltage multiplication gain adjustable, and provides low noise bias voltage. This paper analyzes the resources needed by FPGA control module, designs and implements the peripheral interface circuit, designs the analog front-end module, reads out and amplifies the output signal of CCD97, and can perform the operations of correlation double sampling, dark level truncation and so on. The power supply demand of the whole system is analyzed, and a stable low noise power supply module is designed according to the needs of different modules. Finally, each module is tested and the overall test results are given. The test results show that the electronic system meets the requirements of the underwater low illuminance camera. The underwater low illuminance camera is built on the basis of the electronic system and the underwater image is clear, which proves the correctness of the design.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB852.1
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