黄河上游积石峡史前滑坡堰塞湖形成年代与发展演变研究
发布时间：2018-10-04 23:01
【摘要】：黄河上游史前大洪水与积石峡史前巨型滑坡堰塞湖、及其与中原地区"大禹治水"和夏王朝的关系问题,受到中外学术界和媒体的广泛关注.其中,关于黄河积石峡古堰塞湖的形成、发展演变和消亡形式问题,成为地学家必须准确回答的前沿性的科学问题.最近七年来,我们在黄河上游循化盆地、积石峡和官亭盆地进行了深入细致的调查研究,通过对古滑坡堆积体和堰塞湖厚达37m沉积物的野外宏观特征观测,沉积物磁化率、粒度、地球化学元素的测定,沉积物成因综合分析论证,以及光释光(OSL)技术断代,结果表明积石峡中段狐跳峡巨型滑坡堰塞事件发生在全新世中期(8.25±0.39)ka.巨大的滑坡堆积体堵塞黄河形成了堰塞湖,它并没有发生突然地垮坝溃决形成异常大洪水,而是持续存在了2600多年.滑坡堰塞坝体受到溢流缓慢的切割,堰塞湖逐渐变浅消亡,期间有反复地收缩和扩张变化,最终在全新世中期(5.65±0.21)ka消失,黄河逐渐贯通.也就是说,积石峡古堰塞湖消亡的年代要早于官亭盆地喇家遗址毁灭废弃的年代约1800年.在积石峡堰塞坝体下游的调查,没有发现所谓"堰塞湖溃决大洪水"的沉积物.这说明积石峡古堰塞湖的形成演变及其消亡过程与官亭盆地喇家遗址的毁灭废弃没有关系.这些研究结果,对于揭示青藏高原东北缘黄河上游史前时期自然灾害发生的规律,正确认识史前时期的人地关系发展演变,准确回答国际学术界和媒体对于黄河上游"堰塞湖溃决大洪水与大禹治水和夏王朝"关系问题的疑问,具有重要的科学意义.
[Abstract]:The great prehistoric flood in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the giant landslide barrier lake in Jishi Gorge, and the relationship between the flood and "Dayu" and the Xia Dynasty in the Central Plains area, have received extensive attention from the academic circles and the media both at home and abroad. Among them, the formation, development, evolution and extinction of the ancient barrier lake in Jishi Gorge of the Yellow River have become the leading scientific questions which must be answered accurately by geologists. In the last seven years, we have conducted a thorough investigation and study in the Xunhua Basin, Jishi Gorge and Guanting Basin in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. By observing the field macroscopic characteristics of the paleo-landslide accumulations and the sediments up to 37 m thick in the barrier lake, the magnetic susceptibility of the sediments has been observed. The grain size, the determination of geochemical elements, the comprehensive analysis of sediment genesis, and the dating of photoluminescence (OSL) technique show that the event of giant landslide plug occurred in the middle part of Jishi Gorge during the middle Holocene (8.25 卤0.39) ka.. The huge landslide deposit blocked the Yellow River to form a barrier lake, which did not occur a sudden dam collapse and formed an abnormal flood, but lasted for more than 2600 years. The dam body of landslide Weir plug was cut slowly by overflow, and the lake became shallower and died out gradually, during which there were repeated shrinkage and expansion changes, and finally disappeared in the middle Holocene (5.65 卤0.21) ka, and the Yellow River gradually penetrated through. That is to say, the ancient barrier lake of Jishi Gorge died out earlier than the Lajia ruins in Guanting Basin, about 1800 years ago. In the investigation of the lower reaches of Jishi Gorge Weir Dam, no sediment was found in the so-called "dammed lake outburst flood". This shows that the formation and evolution of the ancient barrier lake in Jishi Gorge and its extinction process have nothing to do with the destruction and abandonment of the Lajia site in Guanting Basin. These results are useful for revealing the laws of natural disasters occurring in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and for correctly understanding the development and evolution of human-land relations in the prehistoric period. It is of great scientific significance to accurately answer the questions raised by the international academic circles and the media about the relationship between the "dammed lake outburst flood and Dayu flood control and the Xia dynasty" in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
【作者单位】： 西北大学陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室;西北大学城市与环境学院;西北大学地质学系;陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院;青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院;Department
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41771110) 中国博士后基金面上项目(编号:2016M592829)资助
【分类号】：P642.2
本文编号：2252219
[Abstract]:The great prehistoric flood in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the giant landslide barrier lake in Jishi Gorge, and the relationship between the flood and "Dayu" and the Xia Dynasty in the Central Plains area, have received extensive attention from the academic circles and the media both at home and abroad. Among them, the formation, development, evolution and extinction of the ancient barrier lake in Jishi Gorge of the Yellow River have become the leading scientific questions which must be answered accurately by geologists. In the last seven years, we have conducted a thorough investigation and study in the Xunhua Basin, Jishi Gorge and Guanting Basin in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. By observing the field macroscopic characteristics of the paleo-landslide accumulations and the sediments up to 37 m thick in the barrier lake, the magnetic susceptibility of the sediments has been observed. The grain size, the determination of geochemical elements, the comprehensive analysis of sediment genesis, and the dating of photoluminescence (OSL) technique show that the event of giant landslide plug occurred in the middle part of Jishi Gorge during the middle Holocene (8.25 卤0.39) ka.. The huge landslide deposit blocked the Yellow River to form a barrier lake, which did not occur a sudden dam collapse and formed an abnormal flood, but lasted for more than 2600 years. The dam body of landslide Weir plug was cut slowly by overflow, and the lake became shallower and died out gradually, during which there were repeated shrinkage and expansion changes, and finally disappeared in the middle Holocene (5.65 卤0.21) ka, and the Yellow River gradually penetrated through. That is to say, the ancient barrier lake of Jishi Gorge died out earlier than the Lajia ruins in Guanting Basin, about 1800 years ago. In the investigation of the lower reaches of Jishi Gorge Weir Dam, no sediment was found in the so-called "dammed lake outburst flood". This shows that the formation and evolution of the ancient barrier lake in Jishi Gorge and its extinction process have nothing to do with the destruction and abandonment of the Lajia site in Guanting Basin. These results are useful for revealing the laws of natural disasters occurring in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and for correctly understanding the development and evolution of human-land relations in the prehistoric period. It is of great scientific significance to accurately answer the questions raised by the international academic circles and the media about the relationship between the "dammed lake outburst flood and Dayu flood control and the Xia dynasty" in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
【作者单位】： 西北大学陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室;西北大学城市与环境学院;西北大学地质学系;陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院;青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院;Department
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41771110) 中国博士后基金面上项目(编号:2016M592829)资助
【分类号】：P642.2
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