多频动力吸振器优化设计技术研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 21:30
【摘要】：飞行器在某些特殊的工作环境下，一些组成部件的振动水平往往大于设计要求，这会严重影响结构的使用寿命和驾驶人员的健康。如果重新设计结构的外形尺寸以降低其振动水平，需要花费大量时间与金钱。为了在不改变原有结构的前提下有效降低结构的振动水平，在原结构上附加动力吸振器是十分经济和必要的工程减振方法。 本文主要研究了一种较好的动力吸振器设计方法。首先，根据动力吸振器基本理论，针对多自由度复杂结构建立动力吸振器的力学模型，由被吸振结构的共振频率初步确定吸振器的质量大小和刚度形式。然后，对吸振器和被吸振结构整体进行动力学优化设计，选取合适的优化算法和目标函数，确定动力学优化的力学模型。通过MATLAB搭建优化平台，编写程序以实现MATLAB对NASTRAN的调用，通过优化迭代得到符合要求的吸振器参数。 为了验证动力吸振器设计的有效性，以某舱体为实际结构进行动力学仿真计算和实验验证。以结构在一定频率范围内的最大位移为优化目标，比较了优化前后吸振器的减振效率；以结构整体功率流为优化目标，，分析了吸振器对结构整体的减振效果；使用穷举法和遗传算法对吸振器的位置与吸振效率的关系进行了讨论。最后，设计出动力吸振器的试验件，对动力吸振器的吸振效果进行验证。实验结果说明了动力吸振器仿真计算的可靠性。
[Abstract]:In some special working environment, the vibration level of some components is always higher than the design requirement, which will seriously affect the service life of the structure and the health of the driver. It takes a lot of time and money to redesign the shape of the structure to reduce its vibration level. In order to effectively reduce the vibration level of the structure without changing the original structure, adding dynamic vibration absorber to the original structure is a very economical and necessary engineering vibration damping method. In this paper, a better design method of dynamic vibration absorber is studied. Firstly, according to the basic theory of the dynamic vibration absorber, the mechanical model of the dynamic vibration absorber is established for the complex structure with multiple degrees of freedom, and the mass and stiffness of the absorber are preliminarily determined by the resonance frequency of the structure. Then, the dynamic optimization design of the vibration absorber and the whole structure is carried out, the appropriate optimization algorithm and objective function are selected, and the mechanical model of the dynamic optimization is determined. The optimization platform is built by MATLAB, and the program is written to realize the call of MATLAB to NASTRAN, and the parameters of vibration absorber that meet the requirements are obtained by optimizing iteration. In order to verify the effectiveness of the design of the dynamic vibration absorber, the dynamic simulation and experimental verification were carried out with a cabin as the actual structure. With the maximum displacement of the structure in a certain frequency range as the optimization objective, the vibration absorption efficiency of the absorber before and after the optimization is compared, and the effect of the vibration absorber on the whole structure is analyzed with the overall power flow of the structure as the optimization objective. The relationship between vibration absorber position and vibration absorption efficiency is discussed by exhaustive method and genetic algorithm. Finally, the test piece of dynamic vibration absorber is designed to verify the effect of dynamic vibration absorber. The experimental results show the reliability of the simulation calculation of the dynamic vibration absorber.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1
本文编号：2254931
[Abstract]:In some special working environment, the vibration level of some components is always higher than the design requirement, which will seriously affect the service life of the structure and the health of the driver. It takes a lot of time and money to redesign the shape of the structure to reduce its vibration level. In order to effectively reduce the vibration level of the structure without changing the original structure, adding dynamic vibration absorber to the original structure is a very economical and necessary engineering vibration damping method. In this paper, a better design method of dynamic vibration absorber is studied. Firstly, according to the basic theory of the dynamic vibration absorber, the mechanical model of the dynamic vibration absorber is established for the complex structure with multiple degrees of freedom, and the mass and stiffness of the absorber are preliminarily determined by the resonance frequency of the structure. Then, the dynamic optimization design of the vibration absorber and the whole structure is carried out, the appropriate optimization algorithm and objective function are selected, and the mechanical model of the dynamic optimization is determined. The optimization platform is built by MATLAB, and the program is written to realize the call of MATLAB to NASTRAN, and the parameters of vibration absorber that meet the requirements are obtained by optimizing iteration. In order to verify the effectiveness of the design of the dynamic vibration absorber, the dynamic simulation and experimental verification were carried out with a cabin as the actual structure. With the maximum displacement of the structure in a certain frequency range as the optimization objective, the vibration absorption efficiency of the absorber before and after the optimization is compared, and the effect of the vibration absorber on the whole structure is analyzed with the overall power flow of the structure as the optimization objective. The relationship between vibration absorber position and vibration absorption efficiency is discussed by exhaustive method and genetic algorithm. Finally, the test piece of dynamic vibration absorber is designed to verify the effect of dynamic vibration absorber. The experimental results show the reliability of the simulation calculation of the dynamic vibration absorber.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.1
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