天津市中心城区地面沉降机理及防治对策
发布时间：2018-10-07 19:16
【摘要】：地面沉降现象在世界范围内都普遍存在,尤以城市为甚。随着京津冀一体化,城市建设的不断建设和发展,天津市中心城区的地面沉降也越来越突出,严重影响了城市规划和建设,以及当地人民的生活环境,并造成了巨大的经济损失。本文在查阅大量国内外地面沉降相关资料的基础上,结合天津市第四系覆盖深,地下水位浅,软土发育等地质特征,全面论述了天津市地面沉降的形成和发展过程,较为系统地阐明了天津市中心城区地面沉降的影响因素以及这些因素在地面沉降中的作用,运用数学模型对地面沉降的趋势进行了预测,在此基础上,提出了有针对性的地面沉降防治方法和建议。本文以天津市中心城区近年来地面沉降新的发展趋势为研究的切入点,从内外因两大方面对地面沉降的影响因素作了较详尽的分析和论述。在内因方面:分析了区域构造基底受活动断裂影响差异沉降,第四纪松散地层的固结变形,海平面上升引起的相对地面沉降。在外因方面:从地下水开采范围及相邻区域的开采影响,城市建设的影响等方面展开分析,对地面沉降的机理进行了研究。结合历年地面沉降监测数据以及天津市区地面沉降的特点,选取对天津市中心城区地面沉降影响范围大、作用明显、具有代表性的因素:如地下水开采、松散地层固结和新构造区域性沉降等3个因素,运用灰色GM理论建立数学模型,预测了天津市中心城区2020年、2025年的地面沉降速率,预测认为由于受地下水开采控制等因素,天津市中心城区地面沉降速率有逐渐变缓趋势,2020年沉降量为13.39mm,2025年沉降速率为9.36mm和2030年沉降速率为6.12mm,在此基础上,提出了技术管理与行政管理结合的地面沉降防治方法。在防治措施上提出开源节流、根据实际情况调整地下水的开采位置、强化对地下水开采的管理以及考虑使用深层淡水作为油田回灌水源等合理建议。论文成果对天津市的开发开放,城市规划及建设具有较为深远的意义。一方面研究成果可以为天津市的防灾减灾、制定防治地面沉降的措施提供有效依据;另一方面也可以为当地合理利用矿产资源、保护天津市民的生存环境提供技术保障。同时本次研究工作对天津市地面沉降的预警研究以及促进当地经济的可持续发展具有重大参考价值。
[Abstract]:Land subsidence is common all over the world, especially in cities. With the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the continuous construction and development of urban construction, the land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin has become more and more prominent, which has seriously affected the urban planning and construction, as well as the living environment of the local people. And caused huge economic losses. On the basis of consulting a large number of related data of land subsidence at home and abroad, combined with the geological characteristics of the Quaternary system in Tianjin, such as deep coverage, shallow groundwater level and soft soil development, the formation and development process of land subsidence in Tianjin is discussed in an all-round way. In this paper, the influencing factors of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin and the effect of these factors on land subsidence are expounded systematically, and the trend of land subsidence is predicted by using mathematical model, on the basis of which, the trend of land subsidence is predicted. The methods and suggestions for the prevention and treatment of land subsidence are put forward. Based on the new development trend of land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin in recent years, this paper makes a detailed analysis and discussion on the influencing factors of land subsidence from the two aspects of internal and external causes. In terms of internal causes: the differential settlement of regional tectonic basement affected by active faults consolidation deformation of Quaternary loose strata and relative land subsidence caused by sea level rise are analyzed. In terms of extrinsic causes, the paper analyzes the influence of groundwater exploitation range and adjacent areas, urban construction and so on, and studies the mechanism of land subsidence. Combined with the monitoring data of land subsidence in past years and the characteristics of ground subsidence in Tianjin urban area, the factors which have great influence on the ground subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin are selected, such as groundwater mining, the obvious effect and the representative factors, such as groundwater mining, and so on. Three factors such as consolidation of loose strata and regional subsidence of neotectonics are used to establish a mathematical model by using grey GM theory to predict the land subsidence rate in the downtown area of Tianjin in 2020 and 2025, and the ground subsidence rate is predicted to be controlled by groundwater exploitation and other factors. The rate of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin has a tendency to slow down gradually. The settlement rate is 13.39mm in 2020, 9.36mm in 2025 and 6.12mm in 2030. On the basis of this, the method of land subsidence prevention combined with technical management and administrative management is put forward. In the aspects of prevention and control measures, reasonable suggestions are put forward, such as opening up sources and reducing expenditure, adjusting the location of groundwater exploitation according to the actual situation, strengthening the management of groundwater exploitation and considering the use of deep fresh water as the water source of oilfield recharge. The results of this paper are of great significance to the development and opening of Tianjin, urban planning and construction. On the one hand, the research results can provide an effective basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of Tianjin and the establishment of measures to prevent and control land subsidence; on the other hand, it can also provide technical guarantee for the rational utilization of mineral resources and the protection of the living environment of Tianjin residents. At the same time, this research work has great reference value for the early warning research of Tianjin land subsidence and promoting the sustainable development of local economy.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.26
本文编号：2255368
[Abstract]:Land subsidence is common all over the world, especially in cities. With the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the continuous construction and development of urban construction, the land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin has become more and more prominent, which has seriously affected the urban planning and construction, as well as the living environment of the local people. And caused huge economic losses. On the basis of consulting a large number of related data of land subsidence at home and abroad, combined with the geological characteristics of the Quaternary system in Tianjin, such as deep coverage, shallow groundwater level and soft soil development, the formation and development process of land subsidence in Tianjin is discussed in an all-round way. In this paper, the influencing factors of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin and the effect of these factors on land subsidence are expounded systematically, and the trend of land subsidence is predicted by using mathematical model, on the basis of which, the trend of land subsidence is predicted. The methods and suggestions for the prevention and treatment of land subsidence are put forward. Based on the new development trend of land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin in recent years, this paper makes a detailed analysis and discussion on the influencing factors of land subsidence from the two aspects of internal and external causes. In terms of internal causes: the differential settlement of regional tectonic basement affected by active faults consolidation deformation of Quaternary loose strata and relative land subsidence caused by sea level rise are analyzed. In terms of extrinsic causes, the paper analyzes the influence of groundwater exploitation range and adjacent areas, urban construction and so on, and studies the mechanism of land subsidence. Combined with the monitoring data of land subsidence in past years and the characteristics of ground subsidence in Tianjin urban area, the factors which have great influence on the ground subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin are selected, such as groundwater mining, the obvious effect and the representative factors, such as groundwater mining, and so on. Three factors such as consolidation of loose strata and regional subsidence of neotectonics are used to establish a mathematical model by using grey GM theory to predict the land subsidence rate in the downtown area of Tianjin in 2020 and 2025, and the ground subsidence rate is predicted to be controlled by groundwater exploitation and other factors. The rate of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin has a tendency to slow down gradually. The settlement rate is 13.39mm in 2020, 9.36mm in 2025 and 6.12mm in 2030. On the basis of this, the method of land subsidence prevention combined with technical management and administrative management is put forward. In the aspects of prevention and control measures, reasonable suggestions are put forward, such as opening up sources and reducing expenditure, adjusting the location of groundwater exploitation according to the actual situation, strengthening the management of groundwater exploitation and considering the use of deep fresh water as the water source of oilfield recharge. The results of this paper are of great significance to the development and opening of Tianjin, urban planning and construction. On the one hand, the research results can provide an effective basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of Tianjin and the establishment of measures to prevent and control land subsidence; on the other hand, it can also provide technical guarantee for the rational utilization of mineral resources and the protection of the living environment of Tianjin residents. At the same time, this research work has great reference value for the early warning research of Tianjin land subsidence and promoting the sustainable development of local economy.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.26
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