MEMS矢量水听器在避障声纳中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 12:05

【摘要】：随着船舶发展趋向大型化、高速化，船舶数量大规模增加，水域交通密度亦随之不断增大。同时，受恶劣天气等影响，水上交通事故时有发生。传统避障声纳系统由于体积偏大且成本较高，在民用船舶中的装配率很低。因此，小体积、低成本避障声纳系统已经成为一种迫切需求。 T型MEMS矢量水听器是将MEMS技术与水声学相结合设计并制作的一款小体积、高灵敏度、低成本水声传感器。本文基于T型水听器进行避障声纳系统设计，，首先介绍T型水听器工作原理，重点对水听器性能进行了测试。然后通过分析声纳方程，同时结合水听器性能，确定了系统设计方案和工作参数。该系统采用主动脉冲测距法，以T型水听器作为声纳系统接收端，通过单片机控制实现避障功能。系统设计主要包括结构设计、硬件电路和软件设计。系统结构设计中将发射端设计为截面积连续变化喇叭形状，期望起到聚能效应进而提高发射声能量。考虑到避障系统在不同船体上的实际应用，本文提出可设计小型发射装置并通过强磁将其与船体吸附固定。硬件电路设计包括发射电路、接收处理电路和信号调理电路。其中，接收处理电路将回波信号转化为单片机可识别的电平信号。单片机通过程序控制实现声信号的发射、接收、距离实时显示以及预警功能。系统样机分别在消声水池、水库和海洋环境中进行了测试，包括静态测试和动态测试。多次测试表明该声纳系统能够准确测量距离并实现避障功能。希望通过本文研究能够进一步推动MEMS矢量水听器的工程化应用。
[Abstract]:With the development of large-scale and high-speed ships, the number of ships increases and the traffic density increases. At the same time, affected by bad weather, water traffic accidents occur from time to time. Because of its large volume and high cost, the traditional obstacle avoidance sonar system has a low assembly rate in civil ships. Therefore, small volume, low-cost obstacle-avoidance sonar system has become an urgent need. T-type MEMS vector hydrophone is a small volume, high sensitivity and low cost underwater acoustic sensor which combines MEMS technology with underwater acoustics. In this paper, a barrier avoidance sonar system based on T-type hydrophone is designed. Firstly, the working principle of T-type hydrophone is introduced, and the performance of hydrophone is tested. Then, by analyzing the sonar equation and combining the hydrophone performance, the design scheme and working parameters of the system are determined. The system adopts the method of active pulse ranging and takes T type hydrophone as the receiving end of sonar system. The obstacle avoidance function is realized by single chip microcomputer control. The system design mainly includes structure design, hardware circuit and software design. In the structural design of the system, the transmitter is designed to continuously change the shape of the horn with cross-sectional area, which is expected to have the effect of concentrating energy and to improve the acoustic emission energy. Considering the practical application of obstacle avoidance system on different hull, a small launcher can be designed and immobilized with the hull by strong magnetic field. Hardware circuit design includes transmitting circuit, receiving processing circuit and signal conditioning circuit. The receiving and processing circuit converts the echo signal into a level signal recognizable by a single chip microcomputer. Single-chip computer through the program control to achieve the sound signal transmission, reception, distance real-time display and early warning function. The system prototype is tested in anechoic tank, reservoir and marine environment, including static test and dynamic test. Many tests show that the sonar system can accurately measure the distance and achieve obstacle avoidance. It is hoped that the research in this paper can further promote the engineering application of MEMS vector hydrophone.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB565.1

【参考文献】