仿生射流减阻射流孔尺寸及形状研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 01:24

【摘要】：随着社会的不断进步和发展,能源的紧缺正日益成为人们关注的焦点,如何节约能源成为了当下亟需解决的社会问题。飞机、汽车、船舶等的运行均需要消耗极大的能源,所以通过合理的设计来降低各类交通运输工具的表面摩擦阻力就成为了一种有效的节能手段。将仿生学运用到减阻领域是近来国内外研究的热点。模仿鲨鱼鳃部射流行为,提出了一种新型的仿生减阻形式,即仿生射流减阻。在此基础上,建立仿生射流模型,重点研究了仿生射流孔形状及尺寸对减阻效果的影响。本文从工程实际出发,在对鲨鱼原型进行充分研究的基础之上,将鲨鱼鳃部的生物原型进行合理的简化之后抽取出来,建立了仿生射流模型。以单孔平板射流为研究对象,利用GAMBIT软件对模型进行合理细致的网格划分,利用FLUENT对模型进行数值模拟。在合理选择了湍流模型、初始条件、边界条件等的基础上,得到了较精确的数值结果。进而分析比较了不同长宽值的矩形射流孔、形状改进优化后的射流孔以及不同曲率的圆弧形射流孔对减阻效果的影响,得到了形状尺寸因素对减阻效果的影响规律和最佳减阻效果的射流孔尺寸形状,并分析了其减阻机理。在不同的流场条件下,分析比较不同形状尺寸射流孔的减阻情况,分析不同主流场、射流速度下各种射流孔的减阻机理。建立了射流系统的节能特性评价标准,从系统总能耗的角度分析了典型仿生模型的节能特性。最后,以部分有代表性的射流孔为依据,加工出试验样件,利用小型减阻测试试验装置进行实验验证,并分析比较数值模拟数据与实验数据误差。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress and development of society, energy shortage is becoming the focus of attention. How to save energy has become a social problem that needs to be solved. The operation of aircraft, automobile, ship and so on all need to consume a great deal of energy, so it becomes an effective energy saving means to reduce the surface friction resistance of all kinds of transportation tools by reasonable design. The application of bionics to the field of drag reduction has been a hot topic at home and abroad recently. A new bionic drag reduction form, bionic jet drag reduction, is proposed, which mimics the behavior of shark Gill jet. On this basis, the bionic jet model was established, and the influence of the shape and size of the bionic jet hole on the drag reduction effect was studied. Based on the research of shark archetype, the bionic jet model of shark Gill is established by reasonably simplifying the biological prototype of shark Gill. Taking the single hole flat jet as the research object, the model was meshed reasonably and meticulously by using GAMBIT software, and the model was simulated numerically by FLUENT. On the basis of reasonable selection of turbulence model, initial conditions and boundary conditions, more accurate numerical results are obtained. Furthermore, the effects of rectangular jet holes with different length and width, optimized jet holes with improved shape and circular curved jet holes with different curvature on drag reduction are analyzed and compared. The influence of shape and size factors on drag reduction effect and the size shape of jet hole with the best drag reduction effect are obtained, and the drag reduction mechanism is analyzed. Under different flow field conditions, the drag reduction mechanism of various jet holes with different shape and size is analyzed and compared, and the drag reduction mechanism of various jet holes in different mainstream field and jet velocity is analyzed. The evaluation standard of energy saving characteristics of jet system is established, and the energy saving characteristics of typical bionic model are analyzed from the point of view of total energy consumption of the system. Finally, based on some representative jet holes, the experimental samples are manufactured, and the experimental results are verified by a small drag reduction test device, and the error between the numerical simulation data and the experimental data is analyzed and compared.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB17;TB126

【参考文献】