基于混合集合规划的多品种小批量生产模式动态调度研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 02:35

【摘要】：随着市场经济的不断发展,原先的大批量流水型生产模式越来越难以适应现今复杂多变的市场需求,而多品种小批量生产模式以其灵活机动的特性,高度契合企业对市场需求变化作出快速反应的要求,因此逐渐成为离散制造业中的主流生产模式。该生产模式下的产品种类繁多,工艺过程复杂,且要求能够对生产过程中的各种动态扰动及时作出响应,因此调度过程也非常复杂,需要采用动态调度方法才能满足要求。混合集合规划(Mixed Set Programming, MSP)是一种解决工业上复杂的大规模组合优化问题的可行方法,它在航空和铁路运输领域已有了较多的应用,并且较好得求解了一些生产调度问题。本论文采用混合集合规划的方法来解决多品种小批量生产模式下的动态调度问题,是该理论在生产调度研究和应用领域的进一步探索与拓展。本论文的主要研究成果如下：(1)首先建立了基于混合集合规划方法的多品种小批量静态调度问题求解模型。在暂不考虑动态扰动的情况下,对多品种小批量生产模式下的调度问题进行系统的分析与总结,建立了该生产模式下的约束条件与优化目标；然后运用混合集合规划算法的支持语言系统——自然约束语言(Natural Constraint Language,NCL)对约束条件和选取的优化目标逐条进行数理逻辑的建模；最后根据优化目标设计了相应的高效求解算法。该模型以最小化作业延迟时间总量和最小化资源空闲时间总量分别作为主、次优化目标,充分考虑了优先级和装配等级约束,并在求解算法中兼顾了瓶颈资源优化利用和资源利用均衡性问题,从而使模型更加优化,求解结果也更加合理。(2)然后实现了多品种小批量生产模式下的动态调度。基于周期与事件驱动的动态调度模式,结合多品种小批量生产车间每周进行计划的特点,并考虑动态扰动因素,设计了周计划与事件驱动重调度相结合的动态调度方法。该方法在建立的静态调度求解模型基础上进行改进,通过引入动态任务集和增加动态约束条件,从而实现每周的周计划调度,并且可以应对插单、设备故障、交货期改变三种突发事件情况下的重调度。同时设计了一种滚动调度方法,用来应对周计划中调度任务较多时运算时间过长的问题,该方法可以在相同的任务量条件下大大缩短运算时间。(3)最后通过车间生产实例对动态调度方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法无论是在制定每周周计划方面,还是在应对突发事件进行重调度方面,都能够取得高效可行的结果,从而为相关计划调度人员提供科学和定量的决策依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, it is more and more difficult to adapt to the complex and changeable market demand. It is highly suited to the requirement of rapid response to the change of market demand, so it has gradually become the mainstream production mode in discrete manufacturing industry. There are many kinds of products in this production mode, and the process is complex, and it is required to respond to all kinds of dynamic disturbance in time, so the scheduling process is also very complex, so it is necessary to adopt dynamic scheduling method to meet the requirements. Hybrid set programming (Mixed Set Programming, MSP) is a feasible method for solving complex large-scale combinatorial optimization problems in industry. It has been widely used in aviation and railway transportation and has solved some production scheduling problems. In this paper, the hybrid set programming method is used to solve the dynamic scheduling problem in the multi-variety and small-batch production mode, which is a further exploration and extension of the theory in the field of production scheduling research and application. The main results of this thesis are as follows: (1) A multi-variety and small-batch static scheduling model based on hybrid set programming is established. Under the condition of not considering the dynamic disturbance for the time being, the scheduling problem under the multi-variety and small-batch production mode is analyzed and summarized systematically, and the constraint conditions and optimization objectives under the production mode are established. Then, the natural constraint language (Natural Constraint Language,NCL), a support language system of hybrid set programming algorithm, is used to model the mathematical logic of the constraint conditions and the selected optimization targets one by one. Finally, an efficient algorithm is designed according to the optimization objectives. In this model, the primary and secondary optimization objectives are to minimize the total delay time of the job and the total idle time of the resource, respectively, taking into account the constraints of priority and assembly level. In order to make the model more optimized, the solution results are more reasonable. (2) then the dynamic scheduling of multi-variety and small-batch production mode is realized. Based on the cycle and event-driven dynamic scheduling mode, combined with the characteristics of weekly scheduling in multi-variety and small-batch production shop, and considering the dynamic disturbance factors, a dynamic scheduling method combining weekly scheduling with event-driven rescheduling is designed. The method is improved on the basis of the static scheduling solution model. By introducing the dynamic task set and adding dynamic constraint conditions, the weekly scheduling can be realized. The delivery date changes the rescheduling of three unexpected events. At the same time, a rolling scheduling method is designed to deal with the problem that the scheduling tasks in the weekly plan are too long when the operation time is too long. This method can greatly shorten the operation time under the same task quantity. (3) finally, the dynamic scheduling method is verified by an example of workshop production. The results show that the method can achieve high efficiency and feasible results in making weekly planning and rescheduling for emergencies, thus providing scientific and quantitative decision basis for relevant scheduling personnel.
【学位授予单位】：中国工程物理研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB497

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