空间光电材料的污染监测与防护研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 18:40

【摘要】：光电材料在空间环境的作用下会受到空间碎片、等离子体、辐射以及空间污染等环境效应的影响,本文主要针对空间光电材料污染效应的监测进行研究。石英晶体微量天平(QCM)是空间污染监测的重要方式,然而,当它探测有机气体分子时,水分子会对天平的精度造成影响,在QCM表面制备一层纳米结构的超疏水薄膜可以降低水分子的影响。但是,当超疏水薄膜长期暴露于有机气体环境中,它的超疏水性能就会下降甚至消失,因此,QCM表面吸附的有机污染物的清除是必须要解决的问题。具有光催化性能的材料可有效降解QCM表面的有机污染物,是实现自清洁,保证QCM长期使用的一种有效途径。基于此,本文采用水热法及溶胶-凝胶法在QCM表面先后制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列超疏水薄膜及TiO_2/ZnO纳米复合薄膜,并对其结构、形貌、性能进行了研究。采用水热法在QCM表面制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列膜,该薄膜具有优异的超疏水性能及一定的光催化性能。在ZnO纳米棒阵列超疏水薄膜的基础上通过溶胶-凝胶法将纳米TiO_2与ZnO复合,不会破坏其超疏水性,还可进一步提高光催化性能。在QCM表面制备的TiO_2/ZnO纳米复合薄膜呈现铅笔状,且TiO_2的晶型为锐钛矿型。该复合薄膜具有优异的超疏水性能(接触角可达到155°),表面对水滴有一定的抗粘附性,在探测过程中可以有效地降低水分子的影响,进而提高探测精度。TiO_2/ZnO纳米复合薄膜在UV下具有优异的光催化性能,可以有效地降解QCM表面吸附的丙酮气体分子,实现了QCM表面自清洁。此外,该复合薄膜在超疏水性(正常使用时)和超亲水性(光催化降解有机污染物时)之间的转换非常稳定,满足长期使用过程中的耐久性。
[Abstract]:Optoelectronic materials will be affected by space debris, plasma, radiation and space pollution under the action of space environment. This paper mainly focuses on the monitoring of the pollution effects of space photovoltaic materials. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is an important way to monitor space pollution. However, when it detects organic gas molecules, water molecules can affect the accuracy of the balance. The effect of water molecules can be reduced by the preparation of a nanostructure superhydrophobic film on the surface of QCM. However, when the superhydrophobic film is exposed to organic gas for a long time, its superhydrophobicity will decrease or even disappear. Therefore, the removal of organic pollutants adsorbed on the surface of QCM is a problem that must be solved. The photocatalytic materials can effectively degrade the organic pollutants on the surface of QCM, which is an effective way to realize self-cleaning and ensure the long-term use of QCM. Based on this, ZnO nanorod array superhydrophobic films and TiO_2/ZnO nanocomposite films were prepared on QCM surface by hydrothermal method and sol-gel method, and their structure, morphology and properties were studied. ZnO nanorod array films were prepared on the surface of QCM by hydrothermal method. The films have excellent superhydrophobic properties and certain photocatalytic properties. On the basis of ZnO nanorod array superhydrophobic thin films, nano-TiO_2 and ZnO were synthesized by sol-gel method, which could not destroy their super hydrophobicity and could further improve their photocatalytic properties. The TiO_2/ZnO nanocomposite films deposited on the surface of QCM show pencil shape, and the crystalline form of TiO_2 is anatase. The composite film has excellent hydrophobicity (contact angle can reach 155 掳), and the surface has some anti-adhesion to water droplets, which can effectively reduce the influence of water molecules in the detection process. The TiO_2/ZnO nanocomposite film has excellent photocatalytic performance under UV, which can effectively degrade the acetone gas molecules adsorbed on the QCM surface and realize self-cleaning on the QCM surface. In addition, the conversion between superhydrophobic (normal) and super hydrophilic (photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants) is very stable, which satisfies the durability of long-term application.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB383.2

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