基于MEMS矢量水听器阵列的测向技术研究

发布时间：2019-01-02 16:52

【摘要】：空间信号源的波达方位角估计已经成为水声领域中的一个重要研究方向。矢量水听器与传统的声压水听器相比，有着得天独厚的优势，它可以同时获得声场中的声压信息和振速信息，为水下声信号的检测和估计提供了更为丰富的声场信息。由中北大学自主研制的MEMS矢量水听器具有体积小、质量轻、成本低、且一次性集成等优点，随着生产工艺的日益成熟和性能的不断改善，该MEMS矢量水听器将被广泛的应用于水声领域。因此，采用该MEMS矢量水听器组阵对目标测向的研究是具有重要意义的。论文的主要研究内容如下：首先，介绍了MEMS矢量水听器的仿生工作原理、理论分析了水听器的指向性，，通过实验验证了矢量水听器具有良好的灵敏度和偶极子指向性，并对水听器的测向原理做了简单的介绍，为后续实验奠定了理论基础。其次，阐述了阵列信号处理的原理、传感器阵列的输出模型和常用的阵列形式。通过计算机仿真，分析MUSIC算法和ESPRIT算法对目标波达方位角估计的性能并进行对比。表明MUSIC算法的性能比ESPRIT算法更加优越，但ESPRIT算法无需谱峰搜索，计算量减小了许多。再次，对水听器阵列的误差进行了建模，理论分析了阵列误差对MUSIC算法的影响。针对阵列误差的影响，重点仿真分析幅度误差和相位误差对MUSIC算法进行波达方位角估计的影响。为减少幅相误差的影响，研究了单辅助源和辅助阵源两种校正算法，通过这两种方法实现了幅相误差的校正。最后，利用MEMS矢量水听器组成十字阵，实现了对目标的动态跟踪。对部分测试数据进行了分析处理，结果表明，利用MUSIC算法能够对矢量水听器阵列的方位角进行波达估计，并能较好的对运动目标进行方位跟踪。
[Abstract]:Azimuth estimation of spatial signal sources has become an important research direction in underwater acoustic field. Compared with the traditional acoustic hydrophone, the vector hydrophone has a unique advantage. It can simultaneously obtain the sound pressure information and the vibration velocity information in the sound field, which provides more abundant sound field information for the underwater acoustic signal detection and estimation. The MEMS vector hydrophone developed by Zhongbei University has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low cost and one-off integration. The MEMS vector hydrophone will be widely used in underwater acoustic field. Therefore, using the MEMS vector hydrophone array is of great significance to the research of target direction finding. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the bionic working principle of MEMS vector hydrophone is introduced, the directivity of the hydrophone is analyzed theoretically, and the good sensitivity and dipole directivity of the vector hydrophone are verified by experiments. The principle of hydrophone direction finding is briefly introduced, which lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent experiments. Secondly, the principle of array signal processing, the output model of sensor array and the common array form are described. Through computer simulation, the performance of MUSIC algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm to estimate the azimuth of target is analyzed and compared. It is shown that the performance of MUSIC algorithm is better than that of ESPRIT algorithm, but the ESPRIT algorithm does not need to search for spectral peaks, and the computational complexity is much reduced. Thirdly, the error of hydrophone array is modeled, and the influence of array error on MUSIC algorithm is analyzed theoretically. Aiming at the effect of array error, the influence of amplitude error and phase error on the azimuth of arrival (DOA) estimation of MUSIC algorithm is analyzed. In order to reduce the effect of amplitude-phase error, two correction algorithms, single auxiliary source and auxiliary array source, are studied, and the amplitude-phase error correction is realized by these two methods. Finally, the cross array is composed of MEMS vector hydrophone to realize the dynamic tracking of the target. The results show that the azimuth of the vector hydrophone array can be estimated by MUSIC algorithm and the azimuth tracking of moving target can be achieved.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB565.1

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