基于矢量水听器阵的匹配场声源定位研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 15:16

【摘要】：匹配场处理(Matched-Field Processing,MFP)技术是近年来国内外水声领域十分关注的一项水声阵列信号处理技术,是声场建模理论与阵列信号处理技术相结合的新的研究领域,在目标检测、被动定位、海洋声学参数反演等方面的应用得到了广泛的关注。矢量水听器作为20世纪晚期出现的一种新型水下声传感器,可以同步共点地获取声场的标量和矢量信息,增加了探测信息的种类和数量,改善了水声系统的性能。同时它又具有良好的低频指向性、抑制各项同性噪声、抗左右舷模糊等诸多优点,为解决水声工程中的许多问题提供了新的思路和方法。本文针对矢量声场的匹配场声源定位展开研究,分析了基于声压量和声压振速组合量的多种宽带匹配场处理器的定位性能,并对不同匹配量下的宽带相干、非相干处理线性匹配场处理器和自适应匹配场处理器的性能进行对比研究。本文主要研究内容和创新点如下:1、阐述了经典水声传播模型的理论方法,比较了声场计算模型的性能特点;针对浅海、低频、远场声探测问题,选定简正波模型进行声场计算;深入探讨了简正波模型在矢量声场的计算问题,推导了海洋矢量声场中的简正波计算表达式,为基于矢量阵的匹配场声源定位研究打下理论基础。2、比较了声压场下各种匹配场处理器的性能;将质点振速引入线性匹配场处理器和自适应最小方差匹配场处理器,建立了矢量匹配场处理器;并将其拓展到宽带信号处理上,建立了宽带相干和非相干的矢量匹配场处理器。相对于声压场匹配场处理器,矢量匹配场处理器能够更好的抑制旁瓣干扰,提高目标定位准确概率。3、研究了信噪比对矢量匹配场处理器定位性能的影响,结果表明:宽带相干处理的定位性能优于宽带非相干处理,能够更好的抑制旁瓣干扰;采用声压与水平振速组合量作为匹配量时,匹配器具有更优的定位性能,能够更好的抑制背景噪声。研究了阵元个数对匹配场处理器定位性能的影响,结果表明在相同阵元个数条件下,矢量阵能够获得更好的定位性能。4、环境失配会对匹配场定位精度产生重要影响,仿真分析了声速剖面失配和海底参数失配两种失配条件下,矢量匹配场处理器的定位性能,结果表明,基于声压与水平振速组合量的相干Bartlett处理器对环境参数的失配具有最大的宽容性,具有更高的应用价值。5、通过海试数据和湖试数据的处理验证了矢量匹配场处理器的性能特点。
[Abstract]:Matching field processing (Matched-Field Processing,MFP) is a kind of underwater acoustic array signal processing technology which has been paid close attention to in recent years. It is a new research field which combines acoustic field modeling theory with array signal processing technology. It is used in target detection. Passive positioning, ocean acoustic parameter inversion and other applications have been widely concerned. As a new type of underwater acoustic sensor in the late 20th century, vector hydrophone can synchronously acquire scalar and vector information of sound field, increase the type and quantity of detection information, and improve the performance of underwater acoustic system. At the same time, it has many advantages, such as good low frequency directivity, suppressing the same-sex noise, resisting the indistinct port and starboard, and so on. It provides new ideas and methods for solving many problems in underwater acoustic engineering. In this paper, the location performance of various wideband matched field processors based on the combination of sound pressure and sound pressure velocity is analyzed, and the wideband coherence under different matching quantities is analyzed. The performance of incoherent processing linear matched field processor and adaptive matching field processor are compared. The main contents and innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. The theoretical method of classical underwater acoustic propagation model is expounded, and the characteristics of acoustic field calculation model are compared. Aiming at the problem of shallow water, low frequency and far field acoustic detection, the normal wave model is selected to calculate the sound field. In this paper, the calculation problem of normal wave model in vector sound field is deeply discussed, and the expression of normal wave calculation in ocean vector sound field is deduced, which lays a theoretical foundation for the research of sound source location in matched field based on vector matrix. The performance of various matched field processors under sound pressure field is compared. The particle vibration velocity is introduced into the linear matched field processor and the adaptive minimum variance matching field processor, and the vector matching field processor is established, and the wideband coherent and incoherent vector matching field processor is established by extending the vector matching field processor to wideband signal processing. Compared with acoustic pressure field processor, vector matched field processor can suppress sidelobe interference better and improve the accurate probability of target location. 3. The influence of SNR on location performance of vector matched field processor is studied. The results show that the location performance of wideband coherent processing is better than that of wideband incoherent processing, and the sidelobe interference can be suppressed better. When the combination of sound pressure and horizontal vibration velocity is used as matching quantity, the matching instrument has better positioning performance and can suppress background noise better. The effect of the number of array elements on the location performance of the matched field processor is studied. The results show that the vector array can obtain better positioning performance under the same number of array elements. 4. The environment mismatch will have an important effect on the location accuracy of the matching field. The localization performance of vector matching field processor under two mismatch conditions, sound profile mismatch and undersea parameter mismatch, is simulated and analyzed. The results show that, The coherent Bartlett processor based on the combination of sound pressure and horizontal vibration velocity has the greatest tolerance for the mismatch of environmental parameters and has higher application value. The performance of vector matching field processor is verified by processing sea trial data and lake test data.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB566

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