单级气动式斯特林制冷机耦合特性研究

发布时间：2019-03-22 14:13

【摘要】：近50年来,世界科技飞速发展,航空航天、低温超导、低温医疗、低温物理等得到了长足的进步,这使得小型低温制冷机在这些领域大规模应用。而斯特林制冷机是小型回热式低温制冷机中技术最为成熟、应用最为广泛的机种。斯特林制冷机又分为电控式和气动式结构,前者可以通过电控系统获得很好的相位,但是结构更复杂;后者结构虽简单紧凑,但难以获得好的相位(制冷机中质量流和压力波的相位差)。本文针对气动型斯特林制冷机的研究难点,开展了如下工作:(1)构建并完善了的从压缩机到膨胀机的动力学耦合模型,定性地揭示了各个重要参数之间的关系和它们对制冷机性能的影响,为气动型斯特林制冷机的理解和设计提供了新的视角。(2)针对给定的气动型斯特林制冷机,基于Sage软件建立了数学模型,从定量的角度验证了所提出制冷机的整机动力学耦合模型。(3)搭建了气动型斯特林制冷机的实验装置,对该制冷机在不同运行工况下的制冷性能和热端压比进行了实验验证,实验结果和模拟计算结果有较好的一致性,说明了所构建的Sage模型的准确性,以及间接说明了耦合理论的合理性。最后,对耦合模型将来在气动型斯特林制冷机指导和分析中的应用进行了说明,希望该模型在未来能够带来价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology in the past 50 years, great progress has been made in aerospace, cryogenic superconductivity, cryogenic medicine, cryogenic physics and so on, which makes small cryogenic refrigerators widely used in these fields. Stirling refrigerator is the most mature and widely used type of small regenerative cryogenic refrigerator. Stirling refrigerator can be divided into electric control structure and pneumatic structure. The former can obtain good phase through the electronic control system, but the structure is more complex. Although the latter structure is simple and compact, it is difficult to obtain a good phase (phase difference between mass flow and pressure wave in the refrigerator). Aiming at the research difficulties of pneumatic Stirling refrigerator, the following works are carried out in this paper: (1) the dynamic coupling model from compressor to expander is constructed and perfected. The relationship among the important parameters and their influence on the performance of the refrigerator are qualitatively revealed, which provides a new perspective for the understanding and design of the pneumatic Stirling refrigerator. (2) for a given pneumatic Stirling refrigerator, The mathematical model is established based on Sage software, and the dynamic coupling model of the proposed refrigerator is verified quantitatively. (3) the experimental equipment of pneumatic Stirling refrigerator is built. The refrigeration performance and the hot end pressure ratio of the refrigerator under different operating conditions are verified by experiments. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results, and the accuracy of the Sage model is explained. And indirectly explain the rationality of the coupling theory. Finally, the application of the coupling model in the guidance and analysis of pneumatic Stirling refrigerators in the future is illustrated, and it is hoped that the model will bring value in the future.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB651

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