声学元件多参数测量系统设计及应用

发布时间：2019-03-26 15:00

【摘要】：透射系数、反射系数、隔声量、传递损失、吸声系数、声阻抗等参数是衡量声学材料、元件性能的重要参数指标。现有的测量装置大多只能针对其中一个或几个进行测量,本文提出一种阻抗管内声学元件的多参数测量系统,可以实现对上述参数的在线测量,具有重要的工程实用价值。首先,研究声学元件的几项主要声学参数:透射系数、反射系数、隔声量、传递损失以及吸声材料的吸声系数和表面声阻抗率之间的数学物理关系。分析了各个参数测量方法,论证了采用一系列阻抗管测量装置实现多参数测量的可行性。其次,设计了一套声学元件多参数测量系统。硬件部分主要由一系列具有互换性与通用性阻抗管测试装置组成,可以根据测试对象的不同,进行搭配组装。软件部分主要由LabVIEW和Matlab编制而成,其中数据在线采集、显示由LabVIEW实现,由声压到各种声学参数的转换由Matlab子程序实现;编制了接口程序实现了LabVIEW对Matlab子程序的调用,从而将多种测试方法声学测试构架与信号分析处理整合在一套虚拟测试系统中。再者,通过有限元仿真、理论计算以及实验的方法对亚克力板、海绵、消声器的声学性能进行了研究,完成了对所开发的测试系统的标定。声学元件多参数测量系统对隔声量或传递损失的测试的平均误差小于2dB,测试吸声系数,反射、透射与声阻抗率的平均误差小于5%,证明本文所开发的系统具有工程实用性。使用声学元件多参数测量系统进行的相关声学实验测试具有很高的准确性,对所设计的测量系统的,能够实现上述参数的在线测量。最后,应用本测量系统,提出了一种基于亥姆霍兹共振器原理用于软包装液体体积的测量方法。测试结果的最大误差小于2.5%。
[Abstract]:Transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient, sound insulation, transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, acoustic impedance and other parameters are important parameters to measure the performance of acoustic materials and components. Most of the existing measurement devices can only measure one or more of them. In this paper, a multi-parameter measurement system for acoustic elements in impedance tubes is proposed, which can realize on-line measurement of the above parameters and has important practical value in engineering. Firstly, the mathematical and physical relations between the transmission coefficient, the reflection coefficient, the sound insulation, the transmission loss, the sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorbing material and the surface acoustic impedance are studied. The measurement methods of various parameters are analyzed, and the feasibility of using a series of impedance tube measuring devices to realize multi-parameter measurement is proved. Secondly, a set of acoustic element multi-parameter measurement system is designed. The hardware is mainly composed of a series of interchangeability and universal impedance transistor testing devices, which can be assembled according to the different test objects. The software part is mainly compiled by LabVIEW and Matlab, in which the data is collected online, the display is realized by LabVIEW, and the conversion from sound pressure to various acoustic parameters is realized by Matlab subprogram. The interface program is programmed to realize the call of Matlab subprogram by LabVIEW, and the acoustic test framework of various test methods and signal analysis and processing are integrated into a set of virtual test system. Furthermore, the acoustic performance of the subclave plate, sponge and muffler is studied by means of finite element simulation, theoretical calculation and experiment, and the calibration of the developed test system is completed. The average error of measurement of sound insulation or transmission loss by multi-parameter measurement system of acoustic elements is less than 2 dB, and the average error of measurement of sound absorption coefficient, reflection, transmission and acoustic impedance is less than 5%. It is proved that the system developed in this paper has engineering practicability. The acoustic experiment test with multi-parameter measurement system of acoustic elements has high accuracy. The measurement system designed can realize the on-line measurement of the above-mentioned parameters. Finally, a measuring method based on Helmholtz resonator principle for liquid volume measurement in soft packaging is presented. The maximum error of test results is less than 2.5%.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB52

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