爆炸荷载下空孔效应的研究与应用

发布时间：2019-03-26 21:16

【摘要】：在深部岩石的破碎中,深孔爆破具有高效安全的特点,为改善爆破效果,使岩体的完整性降低,采用空孔控制裂纹的扩展,同时利用空孔补偿岩石的位移。根据爆破理论,确定压碎区、裂隙区、弹性区的范围,通过实验研究空孔位于不同作用区时岩石的断裂方向,分析空孔与装药孔间的距离对裂纹扩展的影响,并测量不同孔间距时空孔周围的应变。实验结果表明,空孔位于爆破裂隙区时,可以有效控制裂纹的扩展方向,空孔有定向致裂的作用,此时空孔周围的应变最大。在淮北矿业集团煤矿顶板弱化中,合理布置爆破参数,使难冒顶板变为易冒顶板,爆破后岩体声速降低40%~50%,爆破区域裂纹扩展,工作面推进阻力降低,达到爆破设计要求,提高了生产效率。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the blasting effect and reduce the integrity of rock mass, hollow hole is used to control the crack propagation and compensate the displacement of rock. According to the blasting theory, the range of crushing zone, fracture zone and elastic zone is determined. The fracture direction of rock is studied by experiment when the empty hole is located in different action zone, and the influence of the distance between empty hole and charge hole on crack propagation is analyzed. The strain around the space-time hole with different pore spacing was measured. The experimental results show that the direction of crack propagation can be controlled effectively when the hole is located in the blasting crack area, and the hole has the function of directional cracking, and the strain around the hole is the largest at this time. In the process of coal mine roof weakening in Huaibei Mining Group, reasonable arrangement of blasting parameters can make difficult-to-run roof become prone roof. After blasting, the sound velocity of rock mass decreases by 40% ~ 50%, crack propagation in blasting area and push resistance of working face decrease. Meet the requirements of blasting design, improve the production efficiency.
【作者单位】：中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室;安徽理工大学化学工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(41572307);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51439008);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41302239)
【分类号】：TD235

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