层合隔声材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2019-04-25 10:57

【摘要】：为改善层合隔声材料的隔声性能,本文以100:x:y的质量份数比将烘燥后的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)树脂、废钢渣粉(SSP)和废旧轮胎橡胶粉(WTRP)通过共混、开炼、模压等工序制备EVA基复合材料。并与玻璃纤维织物复合后以用作层合隔声复合材料的芯层,采用不同的结构设计,将芯层材料与硅酸钙板、玻镁板及聚碳酸酯板进行层合,制备不同结构的层合隔声复合材料。通过对制成的材料进行SEM观察,隔声性能及拉伸机械性能测试,分析研究不同层合结构对复合材料隔声性能的影响。首先,通过SEM观察EVA基复合材料的断面微观形貌,发现:在未添加偶联剂的情况下,通过混炼等加工工序,SSP能均匀分布在EVA基体中,并与EVA基体形成较好的包埋型物理粘结;在添加少量WTRP时,SEM照片看不出明显的分层界面,EVA与WTRP相容性良好。其次,研究了EVA基复合材料的隔声性能及拉伸机械性能,结果表明:对于EVA/SSP或EVA/SSP/WTRP复合材料,相同面密度条件下,SSP填充含量的变化会影响复合材料在1600H_z~3150H_z和4000H_z~5000H_z声频区域的隔声性能,适量地增加SSP含量可以提高复合材料的隔声性能,当SSP填充份数为200时,隔声性能达到最好。WTRP填充含量对复合材料隔声量影响较明显主要体现在EVA/WTRP复合材料中,当声频大于1250H_z时,随着WTRP含量增加,EVA/WTRP复合材料的隔声量随之提高。在EVA/SSP/WTRP复合材料中,WTRP含量的变化差异相对较小,其填充含量对EVA/SSP/WTRP复合材料的隔声量影响并不十分显著。玻璃纤维织物能与EVA基复合材料良好地结合,复合后的材料隔声性能有所提高。在EVA/SSP或EVA/SSP/WTRP复合材料中,SSP填充含量增加,拉伸强度增大,拉伸断裂伸长率逐渐减小。WTRP含量对EVA/WTRP及EVA/SSP/WTRP复合材料的机械拉伸特性的影响趋于一致,当WTRP填充含量增加,复合材料的拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率减小。最后,将EVA基复合材料与三种面板进行层合结构设计,对不同层合结构的复合材料进行了隔声测试,结果表明:当层合结构中含有空气层时,可在大部分声频区域有效提高层合体系的隔声量,空气层厚度对三种不同面板层合体系的隔声量影响无一致规律,无论层合结构中是否含有空气层,加入芯层复合材料,均能明显改善层合结构的隔声性能,尤其提高了吻合频率区域的隔声量。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the sound insulation performance of laminated sound insulation materials, the dry ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin, scrap steel slag powder (SSP) and waste tire rubber powder (WTRP) were blended and prepared by the mass fraction ratio of 100:x:y in this paper. EVA matrix composites were prepared by molding and other processes. After composite with glass fiber fabric, it is used as the core layer of laminated sound insulation composite material. Different structure design is adopted, and the core layer material is laminated with calcium silicate plate, glass magnesium plate and polycarbonate plate to prepare different structure laminated sound insulation composite materials. By means of SEM observation, sound insulation and tensile mechanical properties of the composites, the effects of different laminate structures on the sound insulation properties of the composites were analyzed. Firstly, the micro-morphology of EVA matrix composites was observed by SEM. It was found that under the condition of no coupling agent, SSP distributed evenly in EVA matrix through mixing and other processing processes, and formed a good embedded physical bond with EVA matrix. When a small amount of WTRP was added, the layered interface could not be seen in SEM photographs, and the compatibility between EVA and WTRP was good. Secondly, the sound insulation and tensile mechanical properties of EVA matrix composites were studied. The results show that for EVA/SSP or EVA/SSP/WTRP composites, the surface density is the same. The change of the filling content of SSP will affect the sound insulation properties of the composites in the 1600H_z~3150H_z and 4000H_z~5000H_z regions. Increasing the SSP content appropriately can improve the sound insulation properties of the composites. When the number of SSP fillers is 200, the sound insulation properties of the composites can be improved by increasing the content of SSP. The effect of WTRP content on the sound insulation of EVA/WTRP composites is obvious. When the sound frequency is greater than 1250H_z, the sound insulation of EVA/WTRP composites increases with the increase of WTRP content. In EVA/SSP/WTRP composites, the variation of WTRP content is relatively small, and the effect of filling content on the sound insulation of EVA/SSP/WTRP composites is not very significant. Glass fiber fabric can combine well with EVA matrix composites, and the sound insulation properties of the composites are improved. In EVA/SSP or EVA/SSP/WTRP composites, the filling content of SSP increases, the tensile strength increases and the tensile elongation at break decreases gradually. The effect of WTRP content on the mechanical tensile properties of EVA/WTRP and EVA/SSP/WTRP composites tends to be consistent. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites decreased and the elongation at break decreased with the increase of the filling content of WTRP. Finally, the laminated structures of EVA matrix composites and three kinds of panels are designed, and the acoustic insulation tests of the composites with different laminated structures are carried out. The results show that: when the laminated structure contains air layer, the results show that when the laminated structure contains air layer, the composite materials with different laminated structures are tested. The sound insulation of the laminating system can be effectively improved in most of the acoustic regions, and the influence of the thickness of the air layer on the sound insulation of the three kinds of laminate laminating systems is not uniform. No matter whether the laminated structure contains an air layer or not, the core layer composite is added. All of them can obviously improve the sound insulation performance of the laminated structure, especially the sound insulation in the coincidence frequency region.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB535

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