新型R290制冷系统用酯类冷冻机油的合成与性能研究

发布时间：2019-05-07 22:32

【摘要】：自然冷媒R290因其优异的使用性能，近年来受到了越来越广泛的关注。冷媒与冷冻机油是制冷系统中两种重要的功能流体，二者共同决定着制冷系统的工作效率，在工作循环过程中冷媒与冷冻机油不可避免的接触，使得冷冻机油的研究和开发必须针对特定的冷媒进行。本论文根据R290制冷压缩机运行实际工况，合成了一种聚醚酯，对反应催化剂体系进行了考察，并在此基础上对反应的温度、时间与催化剂用量进行了考察。同时对粗产物的处理过程进行了优化，，考察了催化剂去除吸附剂的种类与用量、残留酸的去除方法与减压除轻组分的条件。使用红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪对产物结构进行了表征，同时按照润滑油基础性能检测的国家标准对合成聚醚酯的抗水解安定性、抗氧化安定性、吸水性、电阻率等基本理化性能进行检测。利用量热分析仪对合成产物的热解安定性进行了表征。使用实验室自制冷媒-润滑油在线粘度和相溶量测试系统，分别测定了季戊四醇酯、聚醚酯和矿物油在不同丙烷（R290）蒸气压力下冷媒-润滑油混合体系的液相部分粘度与相溶性量。使用自制密封管对聚醚酯、季戊四醇酯及矿物油的化学安定性与金属腐蚀情况进行对比考察，结果表明聚醚酯综合性能优于参比油品。采用四球摩擦磨损试验机和材料表面综合测试仪对该聚醚酯的摩擦学性能进行考察，结合压缩机台架实验结果表明聚醚酯的磨损量较矿物油、季戊四醇酯更低，使用聚醚酯作为丙烷制冷压缩机润滑油时能量转换率较矿物油提高1.7%。
[Abstract]:Because of its excellent performance, natural refrigerant R 290 has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Refrigerant and refrigerating oil are two important functional fluids in refrigeration system, which determine the working efficiency of refrigeration system together, and the contact between refrigerant and refrigerating oil is inevitable in the process of working cycle. So that the research and development of refrigerating oils must be targeted at specific refrigerants. In this paper, a kind of polyether ester was synthesized according to the working condition of R290 refrigeration compressor, and the reaction catalyst system was investigated. On this basis, the reaction temperature, time and amount of catalyst were investigated. At the same time, the treatment process of crude product was optimized, and the type and dosage of catalyst removal adsorbent, the removal method of residual acid and the condition of reducing pressure to remove light components were investigated. The structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance instrument. At the same time, the hydrolytic stability, oxidation stability and water absorption of the synthesized polyether ester were determined according to the national standard of lubricating oil performance testing. Resistivity and other basic physical and chemical properties were tested. The pyrolysis stability of the synthesized product was characterized by thermal analyzer. Pentaerythritol ester was determined by laboratory-made on-line viscosity and phase solubility measurement system of refrigerant-lubricating oil. The liquid phase partial viscosity and solubility of polyether ester and mineral oil under different propane (R 290) vapor pressure were studied. The chemical stability of polyether ester, pentaerythritol ester and mineral oil was compared with metal corrosion by using self-made sealing tube. The results showed that the comprehensive properties of polyether ester were better than that of reference oil. The tribological properties of polyether ester were investigated by means of four-ball friction and wear tester and material surface comprehensive tester. Combined with the experimental results of compressor bench, the wear rate of polyether ester was lower than that of mineral oil and pentaerythritol ester. When polyether ester is used as lubricating oil of propane refrigeration compressor, the energy conversion rate is 1.7% higher than that of mineral oil.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB64

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