空间光学遥感器检测中大口径平行光管应用技术研究
发布时间：2019-06-26 17:20
【摘要】：随着空间光学遥感器不断的发展，其技术性能指标要求也越来越高，为了实现更高的地面分辨率，空间光学遥感器的口径与焦距逐渐增加，这种技术因素的改变给空间光学遥感器的地面检测与像质评价工作带来了一系列新的问题。例如：随着光学遥感器口径与焦距的增加，需要更大口径更长焦距的平行光管对其进行检测与像质评价。口径越大焦距越长的平行光管对于像质、焦面位置精度以及测试环境的稳定性等要求就越高。然而平行光管口径与焦距尺寸的保障、平行光管像质水平的保障、平行光管焦面位置精度的保障甚至是测试环境稳定性的保障最终都会随着空间光学遥感器技术指标的逐步提高而难以实现。对于空间光学遥感器来说，地面检测与像质评价工作是最基本也是最重要的工作，这项工作决定了光学遥感器能否实现在轨顺利工作以及能否完成指定的科研或军事任务等重要问题。因此，对于空间光学遥感器地面检测工作中大口径平行光管相关技术问题的研究具有十分重要的意义。 本文针对大口径长焦距平行光管制造、装调、以及后期使用与维护成本较高的问题，提出了降低大口径平行光管焦距选用要求的研究思路。研究了平行光管各参数的传统选用要求，并重点对其中的焦距选用要求进行了分析与讨论，通过使用不同焦距、不同波像差、不同离焦量的平行光管进行仿真像质评价实验，证明了当选用2倍于光学遥感器焦距的平行光管进行检测时，平行光管的焦面标定误差对光学检测结果造成的影响小于2%，相比使用传统3~5倍于被检系统焦距的光管，更能有效地节约平行光管多方面的使用成本，实现科研资源的合理配置。 除平行光管的内部因素以外，测试环境同样会对光学遥感器的检测结果产生影响，主要原因是不同测试环境下平行光管的像质会发生改变。为了解决这个问题，本文对影响平行光管像质的几种主要环境因素进行了分析与研究，确定了气流扰动是影响平行光管像质大幅波动的根本原因。并且通过实验说明了使用强制对流的方法可以抑制气流扰动对于平行光管像质的影响，使其接近真空状态下像质的平均水平（λ/25），有效保证了空间光学遥感器光学检测结果的精度。 文中还提出了一种应用Zernike多项式消除光学检测结果中平行光管引入波像差的方法，该方法通过对平行光管与系统整体出射波前进行运算，能够重新获得被检光学系统的出射波前。根据光学遥感器地面检测的形式在ZEMAX环境中建立了相应的仿真模型，进行了仿真实验，结果表明使用该方法获得的模拟出射波前相比被检光学系统的出射波前P-V值误差为0.0032λ，RMS值误差为0.0003λ。使用口径150mm、焦距1597mm的平行光管和焦距50mm的光学镜头进行了等效实验，结果表明使用本方法获得的模拟出射波前相比被检镜头出射波前P-V值误差为0.0016λ、RMS值误差为0.0009λ，，与光学遥感器仿真实验结果基本相符。由此可见，本方法可以有效地消除使用平行光管进行光学检测工作而引入的波像差，使检测结果如实地反映被检光学遥感器真实的光学性能。 除了平行光管自身的波像差以外，平行光管的离焦是对光学遥感器地面检测工作影响最大也是最容易出现的误差。在光学遥感器进行空间环境模拟实验时，由于温度与气压的大幅改变，大口径平行光管很容易出现离焦。为了解决真空状态下平行光管离焦量检测难度大、检测精度低以及非实时性等问题，本文提出了一种基于五棱镜的自准直相对检测技术，详细说明了该技术的具体实现方法，分析并修正了由五棱镜引入的主要系统误差。使用焦距18m口径700mm的平行光管进行了实验，确定了150μm的焦面位置检测精度，验证了该技术的实时检焦能力。 本论文针对空间光学遥感器地面检测中大口径平行光管所引发的诸多技术问题进行了详尽的研究，是对大口径平行光管应用技术研究的新尝试。
[Abstract]:With the development of the spatial optical remote sensor, the technical performance index of the space optical remote sensor is higher and higher, and in order to achieve higher ground resolution, the aperture and the focal length of the space optical remote sensor are gradually increased, The change of the technical factors has brought a series of new problems to the ground detection and the image quality evaluation of the space optical remote sensor. For example, with the increase of the aperture and focal length of the optical remote sensor, a parallel light pipe with a larger diameter and a longer focal length is required for detection and image quality evaluation. The higher the aperture, the longer the parallel light pipe, the higher the accuracy of the focal plane position and the stability of the test environment. However, the guarantee of the aperture of the parallel light pipe and the size of the focal length, the guarantee of the image quality of the parallel light pipe, the guarantee of the position accuracy of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe and even the guarantee of the stability of the test environment can be difficult to realize with the gradual improvement of the technical index of the space optical remote sensor. For the space optical remote sensor, the ground detection and the image quality evaluation are the most basic and most important work, which determines whether the optical remote sensor can realize the smooth operation of the track and whether the designated scientific research or military task can be completed. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the related technical problems of the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor. In this paper, aiming at the problems of large-aperture long-focus parallel light pipe manufacturing, adjusting, and later use and maintenance cost, the research on the requirement of reducing the focal length of the large-diameter parallel light pipe is put forward. In this paper, the traditional selection requirements of the parameters of the parallel light pipe are studied, and the requirements for the selection of the focal length are analyzed and discussed. The real-time simulation of the parallel light pipe with different focal length, different wave aberration and different defocus amount is used to evaluate the image quality. When the parallel light pipe is used for detecting the focal length of the optical remote sensor, the influence of the calibration error of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe on the optical detection result is less than 2%, The invention can effectively save the use cost of the parallel light pipe and realize the reasonable distribution of the scientific research resources. In addition to the internal factors of the parallel light pipe, the test environment will also have an impact on the detection result of the optical remote sensor, mainly due to the image quality of the parallel light pipe under different test environments In order to solve this problem, several main environmental factors that affect the image quality of the parallel light pipe are analyzed and studied, and it is determined that the air flow disturbance is the root that influences the large fluctuation of the image quality of the parallel light pipe. In this paper, the effect of air flow disturbance on the image quality of the parallel light pipe can be restrained by the method of forced convection, so that it is close to the average of the image quality in the vacuum state (1/25), and the optical detection result of the space optical remote sensor is effectively ensured. The invention also provides a method for introducing the wave aberration of a parallel light pipe in the optical detection result by using a Zernike polynomial, According to the form of the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, a corresponding simulation model is set up in the ZEMAX environment, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The results show that the error of the output wave front P-V of the tested optical system is 0.0032%, and the RMS value error is 0. The equivalent experiment was carried out by using an optical lens with a diameter of 150 mm and a focal length of 1597 mm and an optical lens with a focal length of 50 mm. The results show that the error of the wavefront P-V of the detected lens is 0.0016% and the RMS value error is 0 in comparison with the simulated wavefront obtained by the method. 0009, and the simulation experiment of optical remote sensor Therefore, the method can effectively eliminate the wave aberration introduced by using the parallel light pipe to carry out the optical detection work, so that the detection result is truly reflected by the detected optical remote sensor, in addition to the wave aberration of the parallel light pipe, the off-focus of the parallel light pipe is the most important to the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, in the space environment simulation experiment of the optical remote sensor, the large-caliber parallel light pipe In order to solve the problems of large detection difficulty, low detection precision and non-real-time property of the parallel light pipe in the vacuum state, a self-collimation relative detection technique based on pentaprism is proposed in this paper, and the technology is described in detail. According to the specific implementation method, the five-prism introduction is analyzed and corrected, The main error of the system is to use a parallel light pipe with a focal length of 18 m and a diameter of 700mm. The detection accuracy of the focal plane position of 150. m u.m is determined and the technique is verified. In this paper, a detailed study on the technical problems caused by the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor is to study the large-diameter parallel light pipe.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP732
本文编号：2506343
[Abstract]:With the development of the spatial optical remote sensor, the technical performance index of the space optical remote sensor is higher and higher, and in order to achieve higher ground resolution, the aperture and the focal length of the space optical remote sensor are gradually increased, The change of the technical factors has brought a series of new problems to the ground detection and the image quality evaluation of the space optical remote sensor. For example, with the increase of the aperture and focal length of the optical remote sensor, a parallel light pipe with a larger diameter and a longer focal length is required for detection and image quality evaluation. The higher the aperture, the longer the parallel light pipe, the higher the accuracy of the focal plane position and the stability of the test environment. However, the guarantee of the aperture of the parallel light pipe and the size of the focal length, the guarantee of the image quality of the parallel light pipe, the guarantee of the position accuracy of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe and even the guarantee of the stability of the test environment can be difficult to realize with the gradual improvement of the technical index of the space optical remote sensor. For the space optical remote sensor, the ground detection and the image quality evaluation are the most basic and most important work, which determines whether the optical remote sensor can realize the smooth operation of the track and whether the designated scientific research or military task can be completed. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the related technical problems of the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor. In this paper, aiming at the problems of large-aperture long-focus parallel light pipe manufacturing, adjusting, and later use and maintenance cost, the research on the requirement of reducing the focal length of the large-diameter parallel light pipe is put forward. In this paper, the traditional selection requirements of the parameters of the parallel light pipe are studied, and the requirements for the selection of the focal length are analyzed and discussed. The real-time simulation of the parallel light pipe with different focal length, different wave aberration and different defocus amount is used to evaluate the image quality. When the parallel light pipe is used for detecting the focal length of the optical remote sensor, the influence of the calibration error of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe on the optical detection result is less than 2%, The invention can effectively save the use cost of the parallel light pipe and realize the reasonable distribution of the scientific research resources. In addition to the internal factors of the parallel light pipe, the test environment will also have an impact on the detection result of the optical remote sensor, mainly due to the image quality of the parallel light pipe under different test environments In order to solve this problem, several main environmental factors that affect the image quality of the parallel light pipe are analyzed and studied, and it is determined that the air flow disturbance is the root that influences the large fluctuation of the image quality of the parallel light pipe. In this paper, the effect of air flow disturbance on the image quality of the parallel light pipe can be restrained by the method of forced convection, so that it is close to the average of the image quality in the vacuum state (1/25), and the optical detection result of the space optical remote sensor is effectively ensured. The invention also provides a method for introducing the wave aberration of a parallel light pipe in the optical detection result by using a Zernike polynomial, According to the form of the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, a corresponding simulation model is set up in the ZEMAX environment, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The results show that the error of the output wave front P-V of the tested optical system is 0.0032%, and the RMS value error is 0. The equivalent experiment was carried out by using an optical lens with a diameter of 150 mm and a focal length of 1597 mm and an optical lens with a focal length of 50 mm. The results show that the error of the wavefront P-V of the detected lens is 0.0016% and the RMS value error is 0 in comparison with the simulated wavefront obtained by the method. 0009, and the simulation experiment of optical remote sensor Therefore, the method can effectively eliminate the wave aberration introduced by using the parallel light pipe to carry out the optical detection work, so that the detection result is truly reflected by the detected optical remote sensor, in addition to the wave aberration of the parallel light pipe, the off-focus of the parallel light pipe is the most important to the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, in the space environment simulation experiment of the optical remote sensor, the large-caliber parallel light pipe In order to solve the problems of large detection difficulty, low detection precision and non-real-time property of the parallel light pipe in the vacuum state, a self-collimation relative detection technique based on pentaprism is proposed in this paper, and the technology is described in detail. According to the specific implementation method, the five-prism introduction is analyzed and corrected, The main error of the system is to use a parallel light pipe with a focal length of 18 m and a diameter of 700mm. The detection accuracy of the focal plane position of 150. m u.m is determined and the technique is verified. In this paper, a detailed study on the technical problems caused by the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor is to study the large-diameter parallel light pipe.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP732
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