食用农产品质量安全监管理论与实践问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 12:06

  本文关键词： 食用农产品 质量安全 监管 激励相容 系统动力学　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自改革开放至今,我国社会经济水平不断提高,城乡居民饮食结构逐步发生改变,非主粮型的食用农产品需求量在食物需求量中的比重逐步提高,与此同时,公众对食用农产品的需求从数量安全转变为质量安全。然而,从苏丹红鸡蛋到孔雀石绿多宝鱼、从盐酸克伦特罗猪肉到吊白块面粉、从毒到甲醛白菜等事件屡见报端,食用农产品质量安全问题得到社会各界空前关注。从问题发生的根源来看,其源头在于食用农产品供应链的生产经营环节,而食用农产品质量安全问题频频爆发,说明单纯依靠市场调节机制这只“无形之手”,无法有效解决食用农产品质量安全问题;而政府有效监管,成为确保食用农产品质量安全的最后一道屏障。因而,高效的食用农产品质量安全监管亦成为公众的期待。基于以上社会现实背景,本研究试图从理论及实践两个维度,探讨我国食用农产品质量安全监管的相关问题,以期为监管部门完善监管体系、优化监管路径提供政策建议。然而,对食用农产品质量安全监管问题的研究,首先要厘清监管问题的历史渊源,从理论和实践两方面探讨监管从何而来、为什么要监管,即监管的原因分析;其次要定位清楚监管的主体及其组成结构是什么,即探讨谁来监管;再次是明确监管存在的问题是什么,问题存在的原因是什么,即探讨监管低效及其原因;然后是监管效率的影响因素有哪些,敏感因素是什么,如何对监管进行优化,即探讨如何高效监管。本研究按照“为什么监管—监管什么—如何监管”的研究逻辑,将研究内容做一下安排:首先,梳理现有文献资料,对食用农产品及其质量安全问题进行分析,目的是为了清晰的界定食用农产品质量安全监管概念,在此基础上厘清监管的发展脉络;其次,在分析食用农产品质量安全监管现状的基础上,对监管的社会效果进行实证分析,继而探究监管过程中存在的问题,及监管低效的原因;再次,采用专家评议法及公众调查法,从专家及公众视角查找食用农产品质量安全监管影响因素,并通过系统动力学分析方法对各个影响因素的作用机制进行模拟分析,探寻对监管具有高灵敏度的影响因素,其目的是为监管优化提供理论参考;最后,在整个分析基础上,提出完善食用农产品质量安全监管的理论构想。基于以上内容研究,本研究认为:公众对目前国内食用农产品质量安全政府监管的期望值较高。然而,对政府监管效果的认可度不高;生产经营厂商的“搭便车”倾向,使食用农产品质量安全问题的发生成为可能;监管体系问题的存在,尤其是现行的以行业内政府监管为主的被动型监管模式,使政府监管对食用农产品质量安全问题的屏蔽作用失效,也是造成监管低效的主要原因;现行的监管模式不能得以有效改进的原因在于,在其激励不足的情况下,能为监管主体的“搭便车”倾向及部门利益最大化的实现提供机会可能;缺乏公众参与的“社会共治”,使得食用农产品质量安全监管增效缺乏机遇窗口;而监管制度为公众参与监管所提供的激励,不足以弥补公众放弃“搭便车”所面临的总效用损失,加之公众参与监管所要突破种种约束条件,致使公众参与监管的动力不足,这恰恰又放宽了政府监管模式改进的条件。此外,基于监管主体和公众视角的食用农产品质量安全监管影响因素甄别与筛选,发现生产经营主体、生产经营环境、科技水平、政策环境等因素对监管系统具有一定的敏感性;在食用农产品质量安全监管的实践当中,监督并强化以生产经营主体为主的行业自律性监管是提高政府监管效率的关键;对添加剂、投入品有效监管是通过政策、制度进行强制性规制。然而,本研究认为,从成本效益的角度来看,政府行政部门监管工作的重点不应该放在生产源头,而是应该加强控制储运环节的合格率,尤其是对市场环节的强化监管,这与前人研究的结果有相左之处;最后,政府监管制度的改进趋向应该是降低公众维权成本、提高处理公众维权事件的效率、增强公众参与监管的制度激励、加强行业内政府监管与行业外政府监管的协调性、构建多元共治的食用农产品质量安全监管模式。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's social and economic level, continuously improve the diet structure of urban and rural residents gradually changed, the proportion of edible agricultural products demand for non-staple food in the demand gradually increased, at the same time, the public demand for edible agricultural products safety from quantity into quality safety. However, from egg tonyred to malachite green turbot, from the clenbuterol pork to formaldehyde from the toxic formaldehyde into flour, cabbage and other events often found in newspapers, food quality safety problems of agricultural products from all sectors of society unprecedented attention. From the root of the problem occurs, the source is the production and management of agricultural product supply chain, and the safety of edible agricultural products frequently that outbreak, only relying on the market adjustment mechanism of the "invisible hand", can not effectively solve the food quality safety problems of agricultural products; and the government effective supervision, into The last barrier to ensure food quality and safety of agricultural products. Therefore, the edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision, has become the public's expectations. The above social reality based on the background, this study attempts from two dimensions of theory and practice, to explore issues related to edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision of our country, in order to improve the supervision system for the supervision department, to provide policy suggestions to optimize the regulatory path. However, the research on the problem of food quality and safety supervision of agricultural products, the history should first clarify the regulatory problems of supervision from what comes from two aspects of theory and practice, which is why the supervision, analysis of regulatory reasons; secondly what is the positioning of the main clear regulation composition and structure, discusses who is a clear regulatory supervision; again the problem is what, what is the cause of the problems, which is inefficient and the reason of regulation; and Is what factors affect the regulation efficiency, what is a sensitive factor, how to optimize the supervision, discusses how to effective supervision. This research is in accordance with the "regulation - regulation of logic why what how to supervision", will do some research content arrangement: first, combing the existing literature, and the quality of edible agricultural products safety problems are analyzed, the purpose is to define the concept of food quality and safety supervision of agricultural products is clear, on the basis of clarifying the development of supervision; secondly, based on the analysis of food quality and safety supervision of agricultural products on the supervision of the social effects of the empirical analysis, and then explore the problems existing in the regulatory process, reason and inefficient supervision; again, by investigation and expert evaluation method of public law, from the perspective of experts and the public to find the edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision system and the influencing factors Dynamic analysis method to simulate the mechanism of various factors, to explore the influencing factors with high sensitivity on the regulation, the purpose is to provide a theoretical reference for the supervision in the whole optimization; finally, on the basis of the analysis, put forward to perfect the theory of edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision. Based on the above, this study suggests that: the higher value of the public on the current domestic edible agricultural products safety regulation expectations. However, the effect of government regulation on the recognition is not high; the production and operation of manufacturers of the "free rider" tendency, the food quality and safety of agricultural products has become the problem; supervision system problems, especially in the current industry the government supervision of the passive supervision mode, the failure of government regulation shielding effect to the safety of edible agricultural products, the main reason is caused by inefficient supervision now; Not to cause effective supervision mode for improvement is that in the case of lack of motivation, may provide opportunities to maximize the energy regulatory body of the "free rider" tendency and departmental interests; lack of public participation in social governance, the edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision and the lack of opportunity window; the supervision system for public participation in regulatory incentives, enough to make up for the public to give up the "free rider" total utility loss faced, coupled with public participation and supervision to overcome all kinds of constraints, lack of power that the public participation and supervision, which improved the government supervision mode and relaxed conditions. In addition, screening and screening the factors of edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision of the regulatory body and the public based on the perspective of the production management, production and operation environment, the level of science and technology, policy and other factors on the environment The supervision system has certain sensitivity; in the practice of edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision, and strengthen the supervision to the production and operation of the main body of the industry self-discipline supervision is the key to improve the efficiency of government regulation; the additive inputs through effective supervision policy, system of mandatory regulation. However, this study suggests that, from the cost benefit point of view, focus on the supervision of administrative departments of government should not be put in the production source, but should strengthen the qualified rate of storage and transportation, especially on the aspects of this market to strengthen supervision, and the results of previous studies has different places; finally, improving government supervision system should be to reduce the tendency of public cost of rights, improve the efficiency of public rights events, enhance the incentive system of public participation and supervision, strengthen the coordination of industry government regulation and government regulation of the construction industry. Multigovernance edible agricultural products quality and safety supervision mode.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F322
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本文编号：1444087