基于交易信用的汽车供应链优化决策研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 08:12

本文关键词： 汽车供应链交易信用 Buy-and-Sell模式延期支付　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,面对跨国汽车制造企业竞争所带来的压力与挑战,中国汽车制造商纷纷采取新的供应链管理理念,联合汽车产业中的上、下游企业,在业务上加强合作,共同提高市场竞争力。在汽车供应链中,汽车系统供应商(OEM)及零部件供应商处于供应链的上游,这部分企业是供应链金融中主要的融资企业,制造商位于汽车供应链的核心地位。当上游供应商面临资金短缺,无法满足汽车制造商的订单需求时,不仅会减少供应商的经营利润,也会给汽车制造商带来缺货风险,进而影响整条供应链的竞争力。通过汽车供应链的内部融资,不仅可以缓解资金约束的情况,同时可以节约融资成本,增强供应链的整体竞争力。交易信用作为供应链内部融资的方式,即指企业与企业之间在商品或服务交易时,以延期支付或提前付款的方式提供的一种信用。延期支付在商业实践中应用广泛。本文的研究对象是由汽车制造商、系统供应商(OEM)和部件供应商组成的三级供应链,汽车供应链成员企业之间主要采用延期支付这一交易信用方式。本文首先研究了在传统模式中,当OEM受到资金约束和没有企业受到资金约束两种情况下,汽车供应链各方成员企业采用延期支付这一交易信用方式时,供应链系统及其各方成员企业的利润情况。针对以上两种情况分别建立基于交易信用的决策模型,对OEM的生产量和汽车制造商的订购策略进行了探讨,并运用MATLAB仿真软件进行数值分析。进而研究了当OEM受到资金约束,汽车制造商采用Buy-and-Sell模式整合自己的需求总量从部件供应商处采购部件,通过数量优势获得价格折扣后转卖给OEM进行生产,汽车供应链各方成员企业采用延期支付这一交易信用方式时的情况。建立在Buy-and-Sell模式下基于交易信用的决策模型,对供应链系统及其各成员企业的利润情况及交易信用长度的设置范围和制造商的订购策略进行了探讨,并运用MATLAB进行数值分析。最后通过对汽车供应链中传统模式和Buy-and-Sell模式下的决策进行对比,进一步探讨了两种模式下的供应链系统及其各方成员企业的利润情况以及汽车制造商的订购策略;并对延期支付期限和制造商将部件转卖给OEM的价格进行了灵敏度分析。得出不同情况下采用Buy-and-Sell模式,都可以通过合理地设置交易信用长度使供应链系统及其各成员企业的利润均高于传统模式下的利润,并对不同情况下的均衡交易信用长度进行了求解。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in the face of the pressure and challenges brought by the competition of multinational automobile manufacturing enterprises, Chinese automobile manufacturers have adopted new supply chain management concept, the upstream and downstream enterprises in the United automobile industry. Strengthen business cooperation to enhance market competitiveness. In the automotive supply chain, automotive system suppliers (OEMs) and components suppliers are upstream in the supply chain. This part of enterprises is the main financing enterprises in supply chain finance, manufacturers are in the core position of automobile supply chain. When upstream suppliers are faced with the shortage of funds, they can not meet the order demand of automobile manufacturers. It will not only reduce the operating profit of suppliers, but also bring the risk of lack of stock to the automobile manufacturers, and then affect the competitiveness of the whole supply chain. Through the internal financing of the automobile supply chain, it can not only alleviate the financial constraints. At the same time, it can save the financing cost and enhance the overall competitiveness of the supply chain. Transaction credit, as a way of financing within the supply chain, refers to the transaction of goods or services between enterprises. A credit offered in the form of deferred payment or advance payment. Deferred payment is widely used in commercial practice. System supplier (OEM) and component supplier are composed of three-level supply chain. The credit mode of transaction credit is mainly deferred payment between automobile supply chain member enterprises. Firstly, this paper studies the traditional mode of supply chain. When OEM is subject to financial constraints and no enterprise is subject to financial constraints, the parties in the automotive supply chain use deferred payment of the transaction credit. In view of the above two situations, the decision model based on transaction credit is established, and the production of OEM and the ordering strategy of automobile manufacturers are discussed. The numerical analysis is carried out by using the MATLAB simulation software. Then, when the OEM is restricted by funds, it is studied. Automobile manufacturers use the Buy-and-Sell model to integrate their total demand from component suppliers to purchase components, through quantitative advantages to obtain price discounts and then resell to OEM for production. The situation of each member enterprise of automobile supply chain when adopting deferred payment this transaction credit mode. The decision model based on transaction credit is established in Buy-and-Sell mode. This paper probes into the profit situation of the supply chain system and its member enterprises, the setting range of the transaction credit length and the ordering strategy of the manufacturer. Finally, by comparing the traditional mode of automobile supply chain with that of Buy-and-Sell mode. The paper further discusses the profit situation of the supply chain system and its member enterprises under the two modes and the ordering strategy of the automobile manufacturers. The sensitivity analysis of the delay payment period and the price of the manufacturer reselling the parts to OEM is carried out, and the Buy-and-Sell model is obtained under different conditions. All of them can make the profit of the supply chain system and its member enterprises higher than that of the traditional mode by reasonably setting the transaction credit length, and the equilibrium transaction credit length under different conditions is solved.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274;F426.471

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