考虑初始资金约束的供应商生产与定价策略研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 08:03

本文关键词： 资金约束融资模式生产决策预订购契约需求信息更新　出处：《东南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生产规模的扩张、人工成本和原材料价格的上涨,身为中小企业的上游供应商往往面临着生产资本受约束的情形,这在很大程度上限制了自身的运营和产能需求,同时也导致下游零售商的订单无法得到满足,从而零售商缺货风险加剧,使整个供应链的生产连续性和供货稳定性受到影响,削弱了其市场竞争力。因此,研究初始资金约束下供应商的生产和定价策略具有重要的现实意义。面对供应商初始资金约束的情景,论文通过分析供应商向银行和向零售商提供预订购契约两种融资模式,讨论了供应商的生产和定价决策。首先分析单阶段需求下资金约束供应商的生产和定价策略,然后在此基础上,引入了需求信息更新,将原来所考虑的需求实现分为需求信息更新前后的两个阶段进行分析。当需求为单阶段时,分别从外部融资和内部融资两种角度展开分析,探讨了在各自模式下资金约束供应商的最优生产决策,并比较了两种模式下供应链的效率。研究表明,若供应商选择外部融资,其生产和融资问题相当于传统报童模型的订购和融资决策;若供应商通过向零售商提供预订购契约的方式获得融资,本文给出了不同初始资金和预订购批发价水平,以及博弈均衡状态下的供应商最优生产决策和零售商最优预订购决策。并且,进一步讨论了供应商最优预订购批发价的设定,还分析了供应链的状态。结果表明,当供应商不存在资金约束或初始资金相对充裕时,零售商不会同时使用两次订购机会,即此时的供应链为单一的push模式或pull模式。而在供应商资金存在约束下,零售商会首先选择预订购模式以尽可能的为需求实现时备货,供应商也同样可能会利用零售商的预订购资金和初始资金全部投入生产,即此时的供应链呈现为push和pull的混合模式。在单阶段需求的基础上,引入了需求信息更新,考虑需求的实现可分为两个阶段,即在需求信息实现前,市场需求信息存在一次更新过程。从供应商向零售商提供预订购契约融资的角度展开研究,建立了生产资金约束的供应商向零售商提供预订购契约融资的生产决策模型。研究表明,若两阶段需求信息相互独立,则零售商的订购问题相当于即时订购和单需求报童模型订购问题的简单叠加,而供应商的决策相当于是在零售商即时订购下的两阶段生产问题;从供应商向银行融资的角度,研究了供应商向银行融资时的生产和定价决策,并分析了银行利率和供应商初始资金对供应商和零售商决策的影响。结果表明,供应商均衡初始产量和利润函数随着利率的增加而减少,而关于初始资金的变化趋势为先减后增。并结合数值实验,进行了相关因素的敏感性分析。
[Abstract]:As the scale of production expands, labor costs and raw material prices rise, upstream suppliers of small and medium-sized enterprises often face constraints on production capital, which to a large extent limits their operational and capacity needs. At the same time, it also leads to the unsatisfied orders of the downstream retailers, which aggravate the risk of the retailer's shortage, affect the production continuity and supply stability of the whole supply chain, and weaken their market competitiveness. It is of great practical significance to study the supplier's production and pricing strategy under the initial capital constraint. In the face of the situation of the supplier's initial capital constraint, this paper analyzes the two financing modes of the supplier to the bank and to the retailer. The production and pricing decisions of suppliers are discussed. Firstly, the production and pricing strategies of fund constrained suppliers under one-stage demand are analyzed, and then the updating of demand information is introduced. The original requirement realization is divided into two stages before and after the demand information is updated. When the demand is a single stage, the analysis is carried out from the external financing and internal financing, respectively. This paper discusses the optimal production decision of suppliers with capital constraints in their respective modes, and compares the efficiency of supply chains in two modes. The results show that if suppliers choose external financing, The production and financing problem is equivalent to the order and financing decision of the traditional newsboy model. If the supplier obtains the financing by providing the retailer with a subscription contract, this paper gives different initial funds and the wholesale price level of the subscription purchase. The optimal production decision of supplier and the decision of retailer's optimal reservation and purchase under the condition of game equilibrium are also discussed. Furthermore, the setting of optimal wholesale price of supplier's optimal reservation and purchase is discussed, and the state of supply chain is also analyzed. When the supplier does not have a financial constraint or the initial capital is relatively abundant, the retailer will not use the opportunity to order twice at the same time, that is, the supply chain is a single push mode or a pull mode. Retailers first choose to book and purchase as much as possible to meet the demand, and suppliers may also use the retailer's subscription funds and initial funds to fully invest in production. That is, the supply chain is presented as a hybrid mode of push and pull. On the basis of single-stage demand, the requirement information updating is introduced, and the implementation of requirements can be divided into two stages, that is, before the realization of demand information. There is a process of updating market demand information. In this paper, a production decision model for suppliers with production capital constraints to provide pre-purchase contract financing to retailers is established. The results show that if the two-stage demand information is independent of each other, Then the retailer's ordering problem is equivalent to the simple superposition of the immediate ordering problem and the single-demand newsboy model ordering problem, while the supplier's decision is equivalent to the two-stage production problem under the retailer's immediate ordering; from the point of view of the supplier's financing from the bank, In this paper, the production and pricing decisions of suppliers' financing from banks are studied, and the effects of bank interest rates and initial funds of suppliers on suppliers' and retailers' decisions are analyzed. The initial output and profit function of supplier equilibrium decrease with the increase of interest rate, while the change trend of initial capital decreases first and then increases.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

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