RFID系统防碰撞与安全协议研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 06:15

本文选题：射频识别　切入点：防碰撞　出处：《广东工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：射频识别RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)是一种利用无线射频信号进行通信的非接触自动识别技术,它具有快速高效、可靠和不需要物理接触等优点,目前广泛应用于动物识别、供应链管理、电子护照系统等商品识别和数据采集领域。而标签防碰撞算法与安全协议设计是RFID领域中热门的研究课题。在应用RFID系统时,为了快速高效地识别可读范围中的多个标签,需要使用标签防碰撞算法。其主要分为随机性算法和确定性算法,而安全协议则是保护用户的数据安全和隐私。本文对现有的一些标签防碰撞算法和安全认证协议进行了研究和总结,创新之处如下： 1.提出了一种改进的基于二进制搜索的防碰撞算法。算法先对标签的碰撞信息进行预处理,使用碰撞选择码只选择碰撞位来进行通信,利用计数器来对阅读器和标签进行搜索深度的同步。算法通过计算碰撞位的位数和碰撞比率有效地利用标签的碰撞信息。在碰撞位数只有一位的时候,利用碰撞位非0即1的特性立即识别出两个标签,而在碰撞位数大于1的时候,则通过计算碰撞比率来决定搜索分叉数。算法在碰撞比率高的时候选择四叉树搜索,碰撞比率低的时候选择二叉树搜索。算法的搜索过程使用动态策略和返回策略,这些策略进一步减少了阅读器的查询次数和通信数据量。理论分析和仿真实验表明：改进的算法相对于跳跃式动态二进制树算法更优,可以有效的减少查询次数和通信数据量,提高系统吞吐率。 2.针对现有的一些安全认证协议安全性较差的问题,设计了一个基于动态ID带搜索索引的RFID安全认证协议。新协议通过阅读器和标签共享一个搜索索引,有效的减少了阅读器的计算量,加快了查询的速度。由于ID是通过Hash函数不断更新的,即标签ID是动态变化的,因此系统还在阅读器端保存了标签最近通过认证的ID值,使得系统能应对去同步化攻击,而且具有前向安全性。新协议中的标签利用通过Hash函数更新的搜索索引充当了随机数,使得标签端不用额外的集成伪随机数发生器,减少了标签的成本。理论分析和GNY逻辑推导表明：本协议实现了阅读器和标签之间的相互认证,同时能抵抗重放攻击、假冒攻击、去同步化攻击、前向安全、位置隐私、窃听攻击和标签匿名等多种常见的RFID系统攻击,具有较高的安全性和实用性。
[Abstract]:Radio Frequency Identification (RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) is a non-contact automatic identification technology which uses radio frequency signals to communicate. It has the advantages of fast, high efficiency, reliability and no physical contact. It is widely used in animal identification, supply chain management, and so on. In the field of electronic passport system and other commodity identification and data acquisition, the anti-collision algorithm and security protocol design of label is a hot research topic in the field of RFID. In order to quickly and efficiently identify multiple tags in the readable range when using RFID system, It mainly includes random algorithm and deterministic algorithm, and the security protocol is to protect the user's data security and privacy. In this paper, some existing anti-collision algorithms and security authentication protocols are studied and summarized. The innovations are as follows:. 1. An improved anti-collision algorithm based on binary search is proposed. The counter is used to synchronize the search depth between the reader and the tag. The algorithm effectively utilizes the collision information of the tag by calculating the number of bits and the ratio of collision. When the collision bit number is greater than 1, the number of search bifurcation is determined by calculating the collision ratio. The algorithm selects a quadtree search when the collision rate is high. When the collision rate is low, select binary tree search. The search process of the algorithm uses dynamic strategy and return strategy. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the improved algorithm is better than the jump dynamic binary tree algorithm, and can effectively reduce the number of queries and the amount of communication data. Improve system throughput. 2. Aiming at the problem of poor security of some existing security authentication protocols, a RFID security authentication protocol based on dynamic ID and search index is designed. The new protocol shares a search index through readers and tags. Because ID is continuously updated through Hash function, that is, tag ID is dynamically changing, the system also keeps the ID value of the tag that has recently been authenticated on the reader side. The tag in the new protocol uses the search index updated by the Hash function to act as a random number, so that the tag end does not need additional integrated pseudorandom number generator. Theoretical analysis and GNY logic derivation show that this protocol realizes mutual authentication between reader and tag, and can resist replay attack, fake attack, desynchronization attack, forward security, location privacy, etc. Eavesdropping attacks, tag anonymity and other common RFID system attacks have high security and practicability.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44

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