华北地区3个种源文冠果苗期水分利用特性及抗旱性研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 05:33

本文选题：文冠果　切入点：种源　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：当今世界能源枯竭、环境污染、粮食安全等问题已日益严重，作为一种可再生绿色能源---生物柴油备受关注，而阻碍其产业化的瓶颈则是原料供应及成本。因此，挖掘适宜非耕地种植的木本油料植物，发展生态能源林，丰富生物柴油原料的供应链，显得尤为重要。文冠果（Xanthocera sorbifolia Bunge）以其分布范围广、适应性强、种子含油率高、燃油品质优、开发利用价值高等特点，成为近年我国北方地区大力推广的生物柴油树种，具有巨大的开发和利用潜力。本文是在对我国文冠果资源的系统调查、分布区划分以及生物学特性等研究的基础上，开展文冠果集中分布的华北地区3个不同种源的室内盆栽控水试验，研究不同梯度水分胁迫对苗木生长、生理特性、水分利用效率、耗水规律以及其叶片形态解剖结构等方面的影响，进而探究不同种源文冠果对水分胁迫的响应机制；同时，开展文冠果抗旱节水综合评价指标体系的研建，并对不同种源文冠果抗旱性进行综合评价与筛选。主要研究结果如下：（1）在水分胁迫条件下，3个不同种源文冠果的苗高和地径生长量均表现出山西最高、河北居中、河南最差的趋势；而且在重度水分胁迫处理的后期，河北和河南种源文冠果出现叶片发黄及脱落现象，而山西种源苗木未出现；随着处理时间的增加，充足水分处理下的3个种源文冠果叶片的保水能力均逐渐降低、叶绿素含量并未出现明显差异，但山西种源保持相对较高的叶片保水能力；在重度水分胁迫条件下，3个种源文冠果叶片保水能力均有所增强、叶绿素含量明显降低，其中山西种源叶片保水力增大最多，且在复水后仍保持较高的叶片保水能力，并具有相对较低的蒸腾速率。山西种源不论其生长状况、抗旱能力均好于河北和河南两种源。（2）不同种源文冠果的碳稳定同位素分馏、水分利用效率和耗水量对水分胁迫响应程度存在一定差异。与河南及河北两种源相比，山西种源文冠果在各种梯度水分胁迫下均能保持相对较高的碳同位素比率（δ13C）值、水分利用效率（WUE）值以及较低的耗水量，表明山西种源文冠果在水分胁迫下对水分亏缺响应较为敏感，能通过短期内迅速减少耗水量来适应水分胁迫环境，这也是山西种源文冠果具有较高抗旱能力的体现。（3）不同种源文冠果的叶片形态结构对水分胁迫响应程度存在一定差异，与河南及河北两种源相比，山西种源文冠果在各种胁迫时期具有较高的比叶重与较厚的各组织结构，且能形成较多的晶体以及小而多的导管等，结合耗水量最少的实验结果，表明山西种源文冠果更趋向于旱生结构。（4）与河南及河北两种源相比，山西种源文冠果在各种梯度胁迫时期均能保持相对较高的水分利用效率和叶片保水能力以及较低的蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量和耗水量，表明山西种源文冠果具有较高的抗旱能力，是形态及解剖构造和水分生理生态特性对干旱环境适应性响应的结果。（5）在不同梯度水分胁迫对文冠果苗木生长及生理特性和叶片形态解剖结构的分析研究的基础上，应用主成分分析和多维空间坐标综合评定值累加方法，建立文冠果抗旱节水综合评价指标体系，，并对3种源文冠果苗木的抗旱性进行综合比较评价。结果发现，山西种源文冠果的抗旱性最强、河北种源次之、河南种源最差，这与线性回归模型验证结果以及水分胁迫下的叶片形态解剖结构和细胞水分利用特性的研究结果相一致。以上研究结果表明，不同种源文冠果苗木生长、叶片的形态解剖结构以及生理特性对水分胁迫的响应程度存在一定差异，并表现出相应的适应性改变，进而导致其抗旱性生理功能的差异；对不同种源文冠果抗旱性进行综合评价，筛选出山西种源文冠果为抗旱性最强种源。这些研究结果可为我国干旱地区文冠果栽培以及优良种源筛选提供理论依据，具有重大的现实意义。
[Abstract]:As a kind of renewable green energy source , biological diesel oil has become more and more serious , and its bottleneck is the supply and cost of raw materials .
At the same time , the research and construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system of drought - resistant and water - saving of Xanthoceras sorbifolia was carried out , and comprehensive evaluation and screening were carried out on the drought resistance of different sources . The main results were as follows :

( 1 ) Under the condition of water stress , the height of the seedlings and the growth of the ground diameter of the three different provenance articles showed the highest in Shanxi , the middle of Hebei and the worst trend in Henan Province ;
Moreover , in the late stage of severe water stress treatment , the leaves were yellow and shed in Hebei and Henan Provence , while Shanxi Provenances did not appear ;

With the increase of the processing time , the water retention ability of the leaves of the three sources under water treatment decreased gradually , but the chlorophyll content did not show obvious difference , but Shanxi Provenance kept relatively high water retention capacity of the leaves .
Under the condition of severe water stress , the water retention ability of the leaves of three different sources increased and the content of chlorophyll decreased obviously . Among them , the water holding capacity of the leaves of Shanxi was increased most , and the higher transpiration rate was maintained after rehydration . Shanxi Provenance was better than the two sources in Hebei and Henan , regardless of its growth .

( 2 ) The carbon isotope fractionation , water use efficiency and water consumption of different sources of Xanthoceras sorbifolia have some difference . Compared with the two sources of Henan and Hebei , Shanxi Provence can keep relatively high carbon isotope ratio ( 未13C ) value , water use efficiency ( WUE ) value and lower water consumption under various gradient water stress .

( 3 ) There are some differences in the water stress response degree of the leaf morphological structure of the different species of Xanthoceras sorbifolia . Compared with the two sources of Henan and Hebei , Shanxi Provence has higher specific leaf weight and thicker tissue structure during various stress periods , and can form more crystals and small and many ducts .

( 4 ) Compared with the two sources of Henan and Hebei , Shanxi Provence can maintain relatively high water use efficiency and leaf water retention capacity and lower transpiration rate , chlorophyll content and water consumption during various gradient stress periods .

( 5 ) Based on the analysis of different gradient water stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of the seedlings and the anatomical structure of the leaves , a comprehensive evaluation index system of drought resistance and water saving was established by using principal component analysis and multi - dimensional spatial coordinate comprehensive assessment .

The results showed that there were some differences in response to water stress in the seedling growth , morphological anatomy and physiological characteristics of different Provenances , which led to the difference of drought - resistance and physiological function .
The results of these studies can provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of Xanthoceras in arid regions of China and the selection of excellent seed sources , which has great practical significance .

【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S578

【参考文献】