虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensis）活品运输中菌群结构的变化

发布时间：2018-05-18 19:48

本文选题：虾夷扇贝 + 活品供应链　；参考：《大连海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：以活品虾夷扇贝（Pationopecten yessoensis）供应链为研究对象，先后进行了活品供应链案例实地调查以及流通链模拟研究，重点跟踪分析了沿活品链的扇贝肠道菌群结构变化规律；同时，还对虾夷扇贝肠道菌群结构与生长环境（海水及沉积物）之间的关系进行了探索，为基于微生物的虾夷扇贝活品流通链卫生监控及产地溯源提供参考。首先，对活品底播虾夷扇贝的流通链做了全链实地调查，从原料生长、采捕、海上活品运输、陆基净化直至出库进行了系统全面地跟踪，了解了现有虾夷扇贝流通链运营模式，经过逐个环节分析找出其关键点及现存问题。最后，确定了采捕、海上活湿运输、靠岸中转及净化等为关键环节；此外，净化后的销售物流环节主要有湿运及干运两种模式。另外，针对现有销售终端的活品虾夷扇贝卫生情况进行了初步调查，对市售活品虾夷扇贝进行了细菌总数分析，结果表明，市售虾夷扇贝各个组织中细菌菌落总数浓度顺序为：肠道＞内脏＞性腺＞外套膜＞贝柱。其次，，对活品流通链案例进行实地逐环节地跟踪取样，研究扇贝肠道菌群结构与其生长环境的关联，及其捕后沿流通链的变化规律。取样点包括采捕、海上活湿运输、陆基中转、净化I、净化II及市场终端；采取的样品为活品虾夷扇贝、生长环境之海水及沉积物。结果表明：①根据DGGE指纹图谱，海水、沉积物和肠道菌群分别获得了20、18和12个条带，其中有9个共有条带，扇贝肠道菌群结构与生长环境之间具有较强的相关性，这为底播虾夷扇贝以及其它海产品的原产地溯源提供新思路；②此外，流通链主要环节的DGGE图谱分析结果发现，在采捕、活湿运输、中转、净化I、净化II及市场等六个环节条带数分别为12、14、16、13、9、22个，由此表明捕后处置环节导致菌群数量增多，在随后的净化环节菌群数目明显下降；③戴斯系数分析表明，从采捕、海上活湿运输、陆基中转、净化I、净化II到市场终端，相邻环节的相似性分别是64%、73.3%、69.0%、63.6%、32.3%；④细菌总数分析结果表明，活品底播虾夷扇贝体内细菌总数在采捕、活湿运输、中转、净化Ⅰ和市场等流通环节的菌落总数对数值分别为3.40、5.22、5.43、4.54和5.53。在整个流通环节的变化程度不大，说明该虾夷扇贝活品链能够有效控制细菌总数；⑤在流通过程中，粪大肠菌群的累积速率大于大肠菌群的累积速率，在净化环节，粪大肠菌群的净化速率大于大肠菌群的净化速率，说明环境条件对活品贝类卫生状况影响极大。最后，通过案例调查的结果，建立了干湿两种模拟流通链，分别为4天模拟净化加3天模拟湿运，以及4天模拟净化加3天模拟干运。研究在模拟流通链下虾夷扇贝各组织（全贝、体腔液、肠道、内脏团、闭壳肌、性腺、裙边和鳃）的细菌总数、大肠菌群和弧菌总数变化。结果表明，①净化环节活品虾夷扇贝组织（内脏、性腺、肠道和鳃）细菌总数均出现明显的先上升后下降趋势，说明模拟流通的初期对贝类细菌总数有一定影响；②运输环节细菌组织（内脏、性腺、肠道和鳃）呈上升趋势，干运比湿运的含量高；③模拟流通虾夷扇贝主要组织大肠菌群呈现出下降的趋势，说明模拟净化对活品虾夷扇贝大肠菌群具有净化作用；④干运环节大肠菌群含量略高于湿运；⑤就弧菌而言，未净化的样品仅在性腺中检测出弧菌，其它组织部位未能检出，弧菌含量分别在净化第二天和运输第二天有上升迹象，说明弧菌生长受到环境变化的影响。
[Abstract]:Taking the supply chain of Pationopecten yessoensis as the research object, the case field investigation and the flow chain simulation of live product supply chain were carried out. The structural changes of the intestinal microflora along the live chain of scallop were followed, and the intestinal flora structure and the growth environment (seawater and deposition) were also analyzed. The relationship between them was explored to provide reference for monitoring and tracing the origin of microorganism based scallop products.
First, a full chain field survey was made on the circulation chain of shrimp scallop on living products. From raw material growth, capture, marine living goods transportation, land base purification until out of storage, the circulation chain operation mode of the existing shrimp scallop was found out, and the key points and existing problems were found through one by one analysis. Finally, the capture was determined. In addition, there are two modes of wet transportation and dry transportation in the sales logistics links after purification. In addition, a preliminary investigation on the hygienic situation of the living products of the prawn scallop in the existing sales terminals was investigated. The total number of bacteria was analyzed for the live product of the prawns. The results showed that the market shrimp was sold. The total number of bacterial colonies in tissues of scallop is: gut > viscera > gonad > mantle > bell.
Secondly, the samples of the living goods circulation chain were tracked in the field, and the relationship between the intestinal microflora structure and the growth environment of the scallop was studied, and the change rules of the circulation chain were studied. The sampling points included the capture, the sea wet transport, the land base transfer, the purification of I, the purification of the II and the market terminal; the samples taken as the living products of the shrimp scallop, the growth of the shrimp. The results showed that: (1) according to the DGGE fingerprint, 20,18 and 12 bands were obtained in seawater, sediment and intestinal flora, of which there were 9 common bands, and the structure of the intestinal flora of scallop was strongly correlated with the growth environment, which was traced to the origin of the bottom sowing scallop and other marine products. In addition, the DGGE map analysis of the main links of the circulation chain found that the number of six links in the capture, wet transport, transfer, purification of I, purification of II and the market were 12,14,16,13,9,22 respectively, which showed that the number of bacteria groups increased and the number of bacteria groups decreased obviously in the subsequent purification link; 3 The coefficient analysis showed that the similarity between the adjacent links was 64%, 73.3%, 69%, 63.6%, 32.3%, respectively, from the capture, the sea living wet transportation, the land base transfer, the purification of I, the purification of II to the market terminal, and the total bacterial count showed that the total number of bacteria in the shrimp scallops in the living products was collected, the live wet transport, the transfer, the purification I and the market circulation. The total number of colonies of the colonies of 3.40,5.22,5.43,4.54 and 5.53. changed little in the whole circulation, indicating that the live chain of the shrimp scallop can effectively control the total number of bacteria. 5. In the process of circulation, the accumulation rate of fecal coliform group is greater than that of the coliform group, and the purification rate of the fecal coliform group in the purification process. The purification rate of coliform bacteria is larger than that of coliform bacteria, indicating that environmental conditions have great influence on the sanitary condition of live shellfish.
Finally, through the results of case investigation, two simulated circulation chains are established, which are 4 days of simulated purification plus 3 days of simulated wet transport, and 4 days for simulated purification and 3 days of simulated dry transport. The results showed that the total number of bacteria in the scallop tissue (viscera, gonads, intestines and gills) increased first and then declined, indicating that the early stages of simulated circulation had a certain influence on the total number of shellfish, and the bacterial tissue (viscera, gonads, intestines and gills) in the transport link was on the rise. The content of dry transport was higher than that of wet transport; 3. The main coliform groups in the simulated circulation of scallop's scallop showed a downward trend, indicating that the simulated purification had a purification effect on the coliform group of the living products of the prawns; (4) the content of coliform in the dry link was slightly higher than that of the wet transport. The other tissues were not detected, and the Vibrio content increased in second days and second days respectively, indicating that the growth of Vibrio was affected by environmental changes.
【学位授予单位】：大连海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TS254.1

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