碳配额交易机制下汽车供应链产品定价及利益协调研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 18:58

本文选题：碳配额交易 + 汽车供应链　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前人类生产活动所产生的温室气体已对环境造成了巨大的破坏,为了保护人类健康和生态环境,制定并实施减排政策已经成为世界各国的共识。在低碳经济背景下,碳排放权作为一种特殊的资源已被不少供应链企业纳入其日常运营及发展中,深刻改变着企业的运营决策。传统汽车作为温室气体的重要排放源,其产生的尾气严重污染着空气质量,汽车行业是已经被纳入政府碳配额政策中减排的重要行业之一。由于市场环境的复杂多变,供应链协同竞争已经逐渐替代了企业间的竞争,低碳经济下对供应链合作的需求则更高。汽车行业的供应链作为最复杂的供应链之一,它覆盖了多个企业、多个环节与多个过程,要实现汽车供应链的协同合作难度相当大。因此,本文基于由制造商和经销商构成的二级汽车供应链,在政府碳配额约束下,探究在分散决策和集中决策模式下汽车供应链成员如何在碳排放权交易和碳减排投资方式存在的情况下来优化碳减排率和定价策略,并给出了两种具体的收益协调方案使整个供应链达到经济和环境效益最优状态。本文首先在对碳配额交易机制下企业的减排行为、供应链定价及利益协调、汽车供应链等方面进行文献综述的基础上,指出当前对低碳经济下汽车供应链定价及协调的研究不足。通过对相关理论进行阐述,结合消费者低碳产品偏好对汽车供应链的结构及减排行为进行了分析,为下文建模和利益协调奠定基础。然后,构建了汽车供应链在分散决策模式下的产品定价及减排策略模型,并与集中决策模式下的产品定价和最优减排率进行对比,探讨在存在碳排放权交易市场并考虑消费者低碳偏好时,不同决策模式下汽车供应链的最优定价及最优减排率决策,并深入分析了供应链外部环境中的消费者低碳偏好、碳交易价格等对最优定价、产量和利润产生的影响,为汽车供应链中各成员企业定价和减排决策提供理论依据和建议。又通过模型参数的设定,用Matlab软件编程进行数据仿真,并将分散决策下的最优定价和利润与集中决策进行对比,有效检验了研究成果。最后,本文尝试分析了两种不同决策模式下供应链利润和pareto改进空间,为使汽车供应链成员能达成稳定的合作关系,本文通过引入基于讨价还价能力的博弈分析和基于Shapley值法的利润分配模型来有效协调汽车供应链中制造商和经销商的利润分配,以实现供应链企业的利益协调。本文还在Shapley值法利益协调模型下讨论了政府碳配额及碳交易价格变动对供应链各节点企业利润的影响。
[Abstract]:At present, greenhouse gases produced by human production activities have caused great damage to the environment. In order to protect human health and ecological environment, it has become a consensus in the world to formulate and implement emission reduction policies. In the context of low-carbon economy, carbon emission rights, as a special resource, have been brought into the daily operation and development of many supply chain enterprises. As an important emission source of greenhouse gas, traditional automobile is one of the important industries which has been included in the carbon quota policy of the government. Because of the complex and changeable market environment, supply chain collaborative competition has gradually replaced the competition among enterprises, and the demand for supply chain cooperation is higher in low carbon economy. As one of the most complex supply chains in automobile industry, it covers many enterprises, links and processes, so it is very difficult to realize collaborative cooperation in automobile supply chain. Therefore, this paper is based on the secondary automobile supply chain composed of manufacturers and dealers, under the government carbon quota constraints, This paper explores how automobile supply chain members optimize carbon emission reduction rates and pricing strategies in the presence of carbon emissions trading and carbon emission reduction investment under the mode of decentralized and centralized decision-making. Two specific revenue coordination schemes are given to optimize the economic and environmental benefits of the whole supply chain. First of all, based on the literature review of enterprises' emission reduction behavior, supply chain pricing and interest coordination, automobile supply chain and so on under the carbon quota trading mechanism. It is pointed out that the current research on the pricing and coordination of automobile supply chain in low carbon economy is insufficient. By expounding the relevant theories and combining with consumers' low-carbon product preference, the paper analyzes the structure and emission reduction behavior of automobile supply chain, which lays a foundation for the following modeling and benefit coordination. Then, the model of product pricing and emission reduction strategy of automobile supply chain in decentralized decision-making mode is constructed, and compared with product pricing and optimal emission reduction rate in centralized decision-making mode. In the presence of carbon emission trading market and considering consumers' low carbon preference, the optimal pricing and optimal emission reduction rate decision of automobile supply chain under different decision modes are discussed, and the consumers' low carbon preference in the external environment of supply chain is deeply analyzed. The influence of carbon trading price on the optimal pricing, output and profit provides theoretical basis and suggestions for the pricing and emission reduction decisions of the member enterprises in the automotive supply chain. Through the setting of model parameters, the data simulation is carried out with Matlab software, and the optimal pricing and profit under the decentralized decision are compared with the centralized decision, which effectively tests the research results. Finally, this paper attempts to analyze the profit and pareto improvement space of the supply chain under two different decision-making modes, in order to make the automobile supply chain members reach a stable cooperative relationship. This paper introduces the game analysis based on bargaining power and the profit distribution model based on Shapley value method to effectively coordinate the profit distribution between manufacturers and dealers in the automobile supply chain so as to realize the benefit coordination of supply chain enterprises. This paper also discusses the influence of government carbon quota and carbon trading price change on the profit of enterprises in each node of supply chain under the Shapley value method interest coordination model.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274;F426.471

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