基于供应链金融的供应链行为决策研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 23:26

本文选题：供应链金融 + 定价与订货　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要是在供应链金融背景下,研究由单供应商和单零售商组成的两层级供应链的行为决策问题。首先,研究了在中小零售商企业受到资金约束时,供应链金融对供应链中的供应商和零售商的定价与订货决策的影响；其次研究了在收益共享契约下,供应链中成员企业的定价与订货决策；最后进一步研究了引入供应链金融后,供应商和零售商在收益共享契约下行为决策受到的影响。(1)当零售商有足够的资金用来采购时,当供应商生产单位产品的成本越高其会公布越高的批发价格,因为只有这样供应商才可以获得同等水平的收益(绝对值),但应对这种变化零售商会采用采购更少的货物作为应对措施。当市场零售价格以及错失销售机会造成的损失越高时,零售商会更倾向于订购更多的产品来应对；而根据供需曲线关系,当零售商对产品需求的增加时会直接促使供应商太高批发价格,最终反过来是的零售商必须有大量的资金才能避免资金缺乏的局面。产品的生产成本增加时,为了弥补成本上涨带来的损失供应商必然会向零售商公布更高的批发价格；此时零售商的应对之策则是降低对产品的订购量以减少对企业资金的需求。不管市场规模、挽回价值如何变化均不会影响到供应商的决策,但是这两个参数增加(减少)时却会直接影响到零售商最终的产品采购批量；这对于零售商而言需要关注此两个参数以准确预测对自己身资金的要求,对于供应商而言则需通过关注此两个参数以准确预测生产量。(2)当零售商没有足够的资金时,供应商与零售商相关的决策依据发生变化。零售商资金问题越严重,供应商会在自身能承受的范围内越低限度地降低批发价格想以此来激励零售商更多的采购产品。当挽回价值、零售价格、市场规模增加时,如果供应商像无资金约束情形一样提高批发价格不但可能不会增加收入,反而会导致零售商由于没有足够的资金只能降低产品订购量来应对。(3)如果引入第三方金融机构提供的资金,则该资金的使用成本无疑会影响到供应链的行为决策。此时有,如果融资成本上升也就意味零售商的运营成本进一步上升,为了承担更少的贷款成本零售商的应对措施必然是减少订货量从而减少对资金的需求,而供应商此时的应对零售商降低订货量的措施则是降低产品的批发价格以鼓励其订货,其实这也是供应商帮助零售商分担部分融资成本的方式。滞销产品的剩余价值、零售价格增加时会增加零售商单位产品销售带来的收益或者是降低单位产品未销售带来的损失,这都会带动零售商的高订货量,同样的根据供需曲线图,产品需求量的增加导致供应商要求更高的批发价格。在收益共享的情况下的研究结果有：(i)资金短缺确实使得供应链中的企业期望收益大幅降低,但引入供应链金融后联盟的绩效得到了很高程度的改善。从结果对比可以看出,融资后无论是供应链成员所获的利润还是供应链整体的总收益都比融资前高很多,供应链金融有助于供应链发展。(ii)融资后供应链中核心企业的努力增加程度比中小企业要高很多,证明在供应链金融中核心企业扮演的不可或缺的角色,是供应链金融得以实现的基础。(iii)对比利润分配系数的大小可以看出承担融资成本的企业相应的也会得到较大的利润分配系数,这符合了供应链联盟利润共享的原则。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the behavior decision - making problem of two - tier supply chain composed of single supplier and single retailer under the background of supply chain finance . Firstly , the influence of supply chain finance on the pricing and ordering decision of suppliers and retailers in supply chain is studied .
Secondly , the pricing and ordering decision of the member companies in the supply chain under the benefit sharing contract are studied .
( 1 ) When retailers have enough money to purchase , the higher the cost of the supplier ' s production unit products , the higher the wholesale price will be announced , since only such suppliers can obtain the same level of return ( absolute value ) , but the higher the losses caused by the market retail price and missed sales opportunities , the higher the retailer will tend to order more products to deal with ;
According to the relationship of supply - demand curve , when the retailer increases the demand of the product , the supplier directly drives the supplier to be at the wholesale price , and in turn , the retailer must have a large amount of money to avoid the shortage of funds . When the production cost of the product is increased , the supplier of the loss caused by the rise of the cost inevitably releases the higher wholesale price to the retailer ;
At this point , the retailer ' s response is to reduce the demand for the product . Regardless of the size of the market , the changes in the recovery value will not affect the supplier ' s decision - making , but when the two parameters increase ( decrease ) , it will directly affect the retailer ' s final product purchase volume ;
( 2 ) If the retailer does not have enough money , the retailer ' s decision - making basis is changed . If the retailer does not have enough money , the supplier will reduce the order quantity of the supply chain . If the retailer does not have enough money , the supplier will reduce the order quantity to encourage the retailer to purchase more .
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F724.2

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