契约选择、治理机制与食品质量安全控制：A集团的案例研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 16:39

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高，人们越来越重视食品安全，对农产品的要求也更加严格。因此，如何有效地保障高质量、安全食品的供给成为关系到人们生活的关键问题。然而，目前国内食品质量安全问题屡见不鲜，直接导致消费者的消费信心降低，影响了中国现代农业和食品加工行业的发展。本文拟从交易成本理论和契约理论的视角对食品安全问题进行研究，旨在说明在整个食品供应链中，在上下游不同交易节点之间（主要分析生产者与加工者之间的关系），不同的契约选择及其治理机制对食品安全性的影响，以及产生这种影响的内在机理，，从而为解决食品安全问题提供理论上的支持。本文以改善食品质量安全为出发点，通过对国内外相关研究成果的综合分析，以交易成本理论、契约理论和治理理论为理论基础，结合中国的实际情况，以案例研究的形式对中国最大的食品加工企业A集团进行深入的案例研究。食品行业整个供应链包括生产、加工、储存、运输和销售等环节，本文将重点放在食品原料的生产与加工这两个阶段之间的交易以及契约关系对食品质量安全的影响机理。本文主要有两条研究主线：一是A集团的自有生猪产业链，另一个是A集团对外采购的生猪供应链。文章首先通过理论分析的方式提出研究假设命题，其次根据收集到的数据资料，按照案例研究的规范方法进行整理、分析，验证此前所提出的研究命题。本文的研究表明，食品的质量安全与食品企业内部治理机制有着密切的关系。交易双方（A集团与供应链上的其它企业）资产的专用性程度、交易的频率对企业选择契约模式以及治理模式影响较大。作为食品加工企业，本着保证食品质量安全的基础，会根据交易成本的三个维度选择最优的交易模式与治理机制。文章成功验证了前文提出的6个理论命题，用案例证明了龙头企业的治理模式、专用性资产的高低、交易频率的大小、对货源质量要求的高低、合作时间的长短以及龙头企业的声誉机制对食品质量安全的经济学影响机理。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, people pay more and more attention to food safety and strict requirements for agricultural products. Therefore, how to ensure the high-quality and safe food supply effectively becomes the key problem of people's life. However, the problems of food quality and safety in China are common at present, which directly leads to the decrease of consumer confidence and affects the development of modern agriculture and food processing industry in China. This paper intends to study the problem of food safety from the perspective of transaction cost theory and contract theory, in order to explain that in the whole food supply chain, The effects of different contract choices and their governance mechanisms on food safety between different trading nodes upstream and downstream (mainly analyzing the relationship between producers and processors), and the underlying mechanisms for such effects, Thus providing theoretical support for solving food safety problems. This paper takes improving food quality and safety as the starting point, through the comprehensive analysis of relevant research results at home and abroad, taking transaction cost theory, contract theory and governance theory as the theoretical basis, combined with the actual situation in China. In the form of case study, A Group, the largest food processing enterprise in China, is studied in depth. The whole supply chain of food industry includes production, processing, storage, transportation and sales. This paper focuses on the transaction between the production and processing of food raw materials and the influence mechanism of contract relationship on food quality and safety. There are two main lines of research in this paper: one is the pig industry chain of A Group, the other is the pig supply chain purchased by A Group. Firstly, the thesis puts forward the hypothetical proposition by theoretical analysis, and then, according to the collected data, according to the normative method of the case study, analyzes and verifies the research proposition put forward before. The research shows that the quality and safety of food is closely related to the internal governance mechanism of food enterprises. The degree of specificity of the assets of both parties (group A and other enterprises in the supply chain) and the frequency of transaction have great influence on the choice of contract mode and governance model. As a food processing enterprise, based on the guarantee of food quality and safety, the optimal transaction mode and governance mechanism will be selected according to the three dimensions of transaction cost. This paper successfully verifies the six theoretical propositions put forward above, and proves the governance model of leading enterprises, the level of special assets, the size of transaction frequency, the quality requirements of the supply of goods by cases. The economic influence mechanism of cooperation time and reputation mechanism of leading enterprises on food quality and safety.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.82;F203

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