基于再制造的闭环供应链网络均衡模型研究

发布时间：2018-08-15 17:15

【摘要】：随着全球经济的快速发展,世界范围内自然资源日益减少,公众的环境保护意识也有所增强,废旧产品的回收及再利用也应运而生,并且受到越来越多的关注。许多国家为了促进对仍有利用价值的旧产品的再利用过程,出台了一些相关的政策对其进行引导,我国也制定有关于循环经济的政策,并在2009年开始生效,其中规定负责对产品进行生产的企业,还需要负责其流通后的回收及再制造工作。不仅可以保护环境,还可以起到节约资源的效果。另外,制造型企业在对旧产品进行回收的同时,不仅企业形象得到提升,经济效益也得到了增长,具有重要的意义。本文主要是运用了变分不等式理论、Nash理论、网络均衡理论对闭环供应链的网络均衡问题进行研究。通过叙述研究背景、梳理现有文献的研究情况,发现现存文献的不足之处,进而提出本文的研究方向。并且对供应链网络理论、制造商供应链网络结构、变分不等式相关理论进行阐述,进而得到均衡模型的形式以及求解算法。具体内容如下:首先,制造型企业往往因为资金有限、技术不够先进等原因,造成制造商存在产能限制,在考虑这种因素存在的情况下,通过对链上各层中决策者的最优决策行为的分析,建立了对应的网络均衡模型,并分析了其解的存在性以及唯一性。之后,随着当今社会信息技术的发展,电子商务销售渠道日趋完善,吸引着越来越多的消费者,因此,在传统零售销售渠道的基础上加入电子商务销售渠道,对双渠道销售模式下的闭环供应链网络结构进行研究。而且,为了促进废旧产品更好的被回收,制造商选择对回收中心的收购行为进行一定的资金奖励。依据新产品和再制造产品在质量上无差异的条件,在各层决策者均追求自身利润最大化的基础上,建立了奖励机制下的双渠道再制造闭环供应链的网络均衡模型,然后运用MATLAB软件,通过修正投影算法对其进行求解,并且将其与只考虑传统零售模式的结果进行对比,还仿真分析了不同参数的变化对均衡结果造成的影响。最后,从政府的角度出发,政府为制造商规定了最高碳排放量约束条件,若制造商的碳排放量超出规定,则向其征收碳税;同时,政府还对回收中心的回收行为进行资金补贴,以鼓励废旧产品的回收工作。在此基础上,对各层中节点企业的最优决策行为进行分析,以建立碳排放约束下的双渠道再制造闭环供应链的网络均衡模型,并且通过数值算例分析了不同参数在变化时对供应链的碳排放总量和总利润形成的影响。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global economy, the natural resources in the world are decreasing day by day, the environmental protection consciousness of the public has also been strengthened, the recycling and reuse of the waste products have also emerged, and more attention has been paid to it. In order to promote the reuse process of old products that still have useful value, many countries have issued some related policies to guide them. China has also formulated a policy on circular economy, which came into effect in 2009. Enterprises responsible for the production of products should also be responsible for recycling and remanufacturing after circulation. It can not only protect the environment, but also save resources. In addition, manufacturing enterprises not only improve their image, but also increase their economic benefits while recycling the old products, which is of great significance. In this paper, the variational inequality theory and the network equilibrium theory are used to study the network equilibrium problem of the closed-loop supply chain. Through describing the research background, combing the research situation of the existing literature, finding out the shortcomings of the existing literature, and then putting forward the research direction of this paper. The theory of supply chain network, the network structure of manufacturer supply chain and the theory of variational inequality are discussed, and the form of equilibrium model and the algorithm of solving the equilibrium model are obtained. The specific contents are as follows: firstly, manufacturing enterprises often have limited production capacity because of limited capital and insufficient advanced technology. By analyzing the optimal decision behavior of the decision makers in each layer of the chain, the corresponding network equilibrium model is established, and the existence and uniqueness of the solution are analyzed. After that, with the development of information technology in today's society, e-commerce sales channels are becoming more and more perfect, attracting more and more consumers. Therefore, e-commerce sales channels are added on the basis of traditional retail sales channels. This paper studies the network structure of closed-loop supply chain under two-channel sales mode. Moreover, in order to promote better recycling of used products, manufacturers choose to offer financial incentives for the acquisition of recycling centers. According to the condition that there is no difference in quality between the new product and the remanufactured product, and on the basis that the decision-makers at all levels pursue their own profit maximization, the network equilibrium model of the double-channel remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain under the reward mechanism is established. Then it is solved by modified projection algorithm with MATLAB software and compared with the results of traditional retail mode. The influence of different parameters on the equilibrium results is also simulated and analyzed. Finally, from the government's point of view, the government sets the maximum carbon emission constraints for manufacturers and imposes a carbon tax on manufacturers if their carbon emissions exceed the regulations. At the same time, the government subsidizes the recycling of recycling centers. To encourage recycling of used and end-of-life products. On this basis, the optimal decision-making behavior of nodal enterprises in each layer is analyzed to establish the network equilibrium model of double-channel remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain under carbon emission constraints. The effects of different parameters on the total carbon emissions and total profits of the supply chain are analyzed by numerical examples.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

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