基于延迟支付的供应链决策研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 10:15

【摘要】：经济生活发展到现阶段，企业间的竞争已经发展成为了供应链之间的竞争。处于一条成熟供应链中的相关企业也就具有了明显的竞争优势。本文所关注的延迟支付就是发生在供应链上下游企业间的常用合作模式，即零售商收到货物之后并不立即付款，而是在供应商规定的一个信用期内完成支付。延迟支付的付款方式不仅缓解了零售商的资金压力，，也通过刺激零售商扩大订货规模而使供应商同时获益。然而在过去的延迟支付研究中大多是以零售商为研究主体，得到的结论也大多是关于零售商的决策方式。本文则综合考虑供应商零售商的内在需求，计算其成本与利润。文章中重点关注引入现金折扣方式后，供应商对于折扣率的确定方法以及零售商在外界信息完全之后的最优订货问题。文章第一部分主要阐述了该问题的研究背景、国内外文献综述、相关理论等等。第二部分则以数理方法计算确定需求下的延迟支付模型，利用博弈分析供应商的现金折扣率确定方法，并确定了零售商的最优订货模型。最后一部分则沿用确定需求的思路，计算随机需求下供应链双方行为的改变。通过数理分析得到几个结论：首先是供应链双方延迟支付与货到付款的选择，取决于供应链外部条件，而供需两方也只有遵从外部条件才能实现利润最优。另外，供应商在现金折扣的选取上也必须要服从博弈结果，否则只能危害自身利益。其次，本文对确定需求模型进行了拓展，找到了随机需求下的零售商最优订货解，还发现了均匀分布与确定需求的结论共通之处。
[Abstract]:At the present stage of economic life, competition between enterprises has developed into competition between supply chains. The related enterprises in a mature supply chain also have obvious competitive advantage. The delay payment in this paper is a common cooperation mode between the upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain, that is, the retailer does not pay immediately after receiving the goods, but completes the payment within a credit period stipulated by the supplier. Late payment not only alleviates the financial pressure on retailers, but also benefits suppliers by stimulating retailers to expand their orders. However, in the past, most of the researches on delayed payment are focused on retailers, and the conclusions are mostly about the way retailers make decisions. In this paper, the internal demand of supplier retailers is considered comprehensively, and the cost and profit are calculated. This paper focuses on the method of determining the discount rate of the supplier and the optimal ordering problem of the retailer after the outside information is complete after the introduction of the cash discount method. The first part of the article mainly describes the research background, domestic and foreign literature review, relevant theories and so on. In the second part, the delayed payment model under demand is calculated by mathematical method, and the method of determining the cash discount rate of suppliers is analyzed by game theory, and the optimal ordering model of retailers is determined. The last part uses the idea of determining demand to calculate the change of behavior of both sides in supply chain under random demand. Through mathematical analysis, several conclusions are obtained: firstly, the choice of delayed payment and delivery payment depends on the external conditions of the supply chain, and the two sides of supply and demand can achieve the best profit only by complying with the external conditions. In addition, suppliers must accept the result of game in the selection of cash discount, otherwise, they can only harm their own interests. Secondly, this paper extends the model of determining demand, finds the optimal ordering solution for retailers under random demand, and also finds the common point between uniform distribution and the conclusion of determining demand.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274

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