存在不完美产品的订货与生产策略研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 10:35

【摘要】：产品订货决策与库存管理是企业生产经营的一项重要管理工作。企业经常会遇到每批订购多少数量、全年分几批订购最为经济合理,即“经济订货批量”的决策问题。在通常进行经济订货批量分析时,两个重要的假设就是企业仓库容量没有限制和订货入库的产品全部是合格产品。但在实际中,这两个假设并不现实,因为企业仓库容量总是有限的,而生产入库的产品可能在下生产线之际没有经过检验,可能在生产过程中存在一些缺陷产品,且产品在装卸、运输、入库过程中也会造成一些损坏,这就形成了不完美产品。这些不完美产品,是指那些质量、性能、外观等方面不达标的产品,存在瑕疵的产品是可以销售的,但是必须以“处理品”、“次品”等形式注明,并告诉消费者哪方面有瑕疵。不完美产品因为其较高的性价比,在一定程度上对完美产品具有替代作用。基于此,本文研究了一种考虑产品可替代性的订货与库存管理模型。近年来,可替代性产品在订货库存方面研究已经成为了国内外众多学者专家关注的热点,也是供应链订货与库存管理理论的一个重点研究方向,大多数论文是以经典的报童问题、单周期问题或者在其基础上进行研究。本文继承这一思路,仍旧以只有销售商的一层供应链中的单周期订货问题为基础,结合完美产品、不完美产品替代性,利用霍特林模型,从以下几个方面进行延伸研究。第一,根据经典的单周期订货库存问题,假设销售商将订货中的完美产品与不完美产品分别投入到两个不同的市场中进行销售,针对这种不存在竞争的销售情形推导出面对固定市场需求的最优订货策略,并且对各种变量对最优订货量产生的影响进行探讨,给出了数值仿真进行验证。第二,考虑到销售商将订货货物中存在的完美产品与不完美产品投入到一个市场中销售,不完美产品对完美产品具有一定的替代性,而且替代性与价格、完美程度有关。在上述假设前提下,建立了订货决策模型,证明了最优订货量的存在,对价格差、完美程度、消费者消费偏好系数对最优订货量的影响进行分析,通过数值仿真进行验证。第三,在经济订货批量问题基础上,对不完美产品的存在对生产商生产决策影响也进行了分析,建立了允许缺货且存在缺陷产品的最优生产策略模型,在此基础上,结合可信性理论,建立期望生产成本函数,揭示生产成本函数性质,证明了使单位时间成本最小的最优生产时间的存在性与唯一性,给出了最优生产时间的范围,结合算例分析了缺陷产品比例与重修费用对最优生产策略的影响此外,对于本文所求得的结论,均给出了实际的管理意义,最后在论文结尾进行了总结与展望。
[Abstract]:Product ordering decision and inventory management is an important management work of enterprise production and management. Enterprises often encounter the number of orders per batch, and the decision of "economic order batch" is the most economical and reasonable problem. In the analysis of economic order batches, two important assumptions are that there is no limit on the capacity of the enterprise warehouse and that the products placed in the warehouse are all qualified products. In practice, however, these two assumptions are not realistic, because the capacity of the enterprise warehouse is always limited, and the products produced into the warehouse may not be tested at the time of the next production line, and there may be some defective products in the production process. And the product in the loading and unloading, transportation, storage process will also cause some damage, which formed an imperfect product. These imperfect products refer to those products whose quality, performance, appearance, etc., are not up to standard. Defective products can be sold, but they must be marked in the form of "processed goods", "defective products", etc. And tell consumers where there is a flaw. Imperfect products, due to their high cost-performance ratio, to a certain extent, the perfect product substitution. Based on this, this paper studies an order and inventory management model considering product substitutability. In recent years, the research on order inventory of alternative products has become the focus of attention of many scholars and experts at home and abroad, and it is also a key research direction of supply chain order and inventory management theory. Most papers focus on the classical newsboy problem, single-period problem, or based on it. This paper inherits this idea, and based on the single-cycle ordering problem in the one-layer supply chain, combining the perfect product and the imperfect product substitution, using the Horterling model, the paper extends the research from the following aspects. First, according to the classic single-cycle order inventory problem, suppose the seller put the perfect product and the imperfect product into two different markets to sell. The optimal ordering strategy in the face of fixed market demand is derived for this kind of non-competitive sales situation, and the influence of various variables on the optimal order quantity is discussed, and the numerical simulation is given to verify it. Secondly, considering that the seller puts the perfect product and imperfect product into a market, the imperfect product has certain substitution to the perfect product, and the substitution is related to the price and the degree of perfection. Based on the above assumptions, an order decision model is established, and the existence of optimal order quantity is proved. The effects of price difference, perfection degree and consumer consumption preference coefficient on the optimal order quantity are analyzed and verified by numerical simulation. Thirdly, on the basis of the economic order batch problem, the influence of the imperfect product on the producer's production decision is also analyzed, and the optimal production strategy model of the product that is allowed to be out of stock and with defects is established. Based on the credibility theory, the expected production cost function is established, the properties of the production cost function are revealed, the existence and uniqueness of the optimal production time with minimum unit time cost are proved, and the range of the optimal production time is given. This paper analyzes the effect of the proportion of defective products and the cost of rework on the optimal production strategy with an example. In addition, for the conclusions obtained in this paper, the practical management significance is given. At the end of the paper, the conclusion is summarized and prospected.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F224

【参考文献】