时空视角下对企业经营的探究

发布时间：2018-09-14 08:57

【摘要】：企业是现代经济中最常见的组织形式之一。自企业产生以来,其组织形式不断的发生变化,其经营方式也在不断变化。原始社会晚期,私有产权制度的萌芽使得生产组织发展为家庭组织,之后,封建社会晚期的手工工场标志着企业组织最初模式的诞生。工业革命之后,使用机器的工厂制度渐渐取代了手工工厂。随后,信息技术的发展促进了市场的扩张,渐渐形成了现代工商企业。现如今,经济全球化的趋势更加的显著,不仅如此,伴随着网络的发展,由电子商务代表的虚拟企业也开始渐渐进入公众的视野。企业与经济发展之间的关系密不可分,故而,在新的经济形势下,如何理解企业的经营应当成为我们思考的一个重要问题。时间和空间是企业经济经营活动存在的基本形式。因而从时空视角对企业经营进行探究是十分有必要的。同时时空视角对企业经营的探究也是较为新颖的一个研究,故而本文的创新点为本文的研究视角,即时空视角。此外,本文在现有的研究基础上,运用经济时空理论框架中的非匀质时间价值理论与位移链条理论对企业的经营活动进行了细化分析。具体说来,本文在综述了古典理论、新古典理论、马克思及现代企业理论对企业的论述以及对有关企业经营的论述之后,介绍了企业的类型和组织结构。然后进入本文的理论分析部分,运用经济时空框架下的非匀质时间价值理论和位移链条理论对企业的经营活动进行分析。在运用非匀质时间价值理论进行分析时,本文以价值链为切入点,分别分析了在价值链的研发阶段、生产阶段、发运阶段、销售阶段以及售后阶段,固化经营时空关系如何能增进企业的价值；在运用位移链条理论对企业进行分析时,本文以供应链为切入点,研究供应链中的不确定性,即牛鞭效应对位移链条距离的影响,分析如何通过固化时空关系降低不确定性,进而缩短位移链条距离,从而降低企业的运营成本。在理论分析之后,本文进入案例实证分析部分,选取了代表全球化发展趋势的跨国企业丰田以及代表电子商务发展趋势的电商企业京东商城作为案例,运用时空理论进行分析,对时空视角下的企业经营活动进行进一步探究。最终,在理论分析与案例分析的基础上解答本文的研究问题,从时空视角来看,企业是通过不断在不确定环境下固化自身时空关系来进行自身的经营活动。
[Abstract]:Enterprise is one of the most common forms of organization in modern economy. Since the emergence of the enterprise, its organizational form has been constantly changing, and its management mode is also changing. In the late primitive society, the germinating of the private property right system made the production organization develop into the family organization. After that, the handicraft workshop in the late feudal society marked the birth of the initial mode of the enterprise organization. After the industrial revolution, the machine-using factory system gradually replaced the manual factory. Subsequently, the development of information technology promoted the expansion of the market and gradually formed a modern industrial and commercial enterprise. Nowadays, the trend of economic globalization is more remarkable, not only that, with the development of the network, the virtual enterprise represented by the electronic commerce has gradually entered the public view. The relationship between enterprises and economic development is inseparable. Therefore, under the new economic situation, how to understand the management of enterprises should become an important issue we think about. Time and space are the basic forms of the existence of enterprises' economic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the enterprise management from the angle of time and space. At the same time, the exploration of enterprise management from the perspective of time and space is also a relatively new research, so the innovation of this paper is the perspective of this research, namely the perspective of time and space. In addition, on the basis of existing research, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the business activities of enterprises by using the theory of non-homogeneous time value and the theory of displacement chain in the framework of economic space-time theory. Specifically, after summarizing the classical theory, neoclassical theory, Marx's and modern enterprise theory's exposition on the enterprise and the related enterprise's management, this paper introduces the enterprise's type and organization structure. Then enter into the theoretical analysis part of this paper, using the non-homogeneous time value theory and displacement chain theory under the framework of economic time and space to analyze the business activities of enterprises. In the application of the theory of non-homogeneous time value, this paper takes the value chain as the breakthrough point, analyzes the R & D stage, production stage, shipping stage, sales stage and after-sale stage of the value chain, respectively. How to solidify the space-time relationship of management can enhance the value of the enterprise, when using the theory of displacement chain to analyze the enterprise, this paper takes the supply chain as the breakthrough point to study the uncertainty in the supply chain, that is, the influence of bullwhip effect on the distance of the displacement chain. This paper analyzes how to reduce uncertainty and reduce the distance of displacement chain by solidifying space-time relationship, thus reducing the operating cost of enterprises. After the theoretical analysis, this article enters the case empirical analysis part, selects the multinational enterprise Toyota which represents the globalization development trend and the e-commerce enterprise JingDong Mall as the case, uses the time and space theory to carry on the analysis. To the time and space angle of view of the enterprise business activities to further explore. Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and case analysis, this paper answers the research questions. From the point of view of time and space, enterprises carry out their own business activities by constantly solidifying their space-time relationship in uncertain environment.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F272.3

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