RFID技术在铁路集装箱跟踪定位中的应用研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 09:14

【摘要】：随着我国铁路事业的不断发展，铁路集装箱运输的运量也日益增长，而铁路集装箱信息采集手段却相对落后，集装箱场站中仍多采用人工、半人工的信息抄录方式，效率低下、出错率高，且无法对集装箱进行实时监控、定位。鉴于此，本文进行了以下研究：技术路线方面，首先对GPS技术、条码跟踪技术、RFID技术的系统管理组成及其在货物跟踪定位中的应用进行介绍，其中着重介绍RFID技术，并对其工作原理进行阐述。然后根据铁路集装箱跟踪定位的应用背景及铁路集装箱场站业务流程，分析铁路集装箱跟踪定位中存在的问题，总结比较GPS技术、条码跟踪技术及RFID技术的特点。通过比较发现RFID技术应用于铁路集装箱定位跟踪具有明显优势，具体表现在：（1）使集装箱物流整体协调，改变铁路集装箱的“暗箱”操作现状，实现供应链中上下企业实时沟通；（2）使操作自动化，提高工作效率；使集装箱整个作业流程“清晰可见”，从而防止运输过程中的“漏箱”、“错箱”；（3）使货主能够随时查询到货物情况，提高运输服务质量和物流服务水平。因此选取RFID技术作为本文的技术路线。定位算法方面，本文利用RSSI定位算法为基础，建立信号强度同几何距离间的映射，按照LANDMARC参考标签的思想，研究多个参考邻居对系统性能和定位精度的影响，采用Chan算法得出待定位目标的初步位置估计，，然后采用迭代算法进行精确定位，最后通过考虑历史效应的算法进行改进并进行算法仿真验证。通过仿真结果表明，采用4个以上阅读器且并不需要太多的参考定位标签便能够满足实际应用的需求，且历史效应算法在提高定位精度的同时并不需要增加额外的硬件。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of railway industry in China, the volume of railway container transportation is also increasing day by day, but the means of railway container information collection are relatively backward. In the container yard stations, manual and semi-artificial information recording methods are still used, and the efficiency is low. Error rate is high, and the container can not be real-time monitoring, positioning. In view of this, this paper has carried on the following research: the technical route aspect, first of all, introduces the GPS technology, the bar code tracking technology, the RFID technology system management composition and its application in the cargo tracking localization, among which emphatically introduces the RFID technology, And its working principle is expounded. Then according to the application background of railway container tracking and positioning and the business process of railway container yard, the problems in railway container tracking and positioning are analyzed, and the characteristics of GPS technology, bar code tracking technology and RFID technology are summarized and compared. Through comparison, it is found that the application of RFID technology in railway container positioning and tracking has obvious advantages, which are as follows: (1) make the container logistics coordinate as a whole and change the "dark box" operation status of railway container. To realize the real-time communication between the upper and lower enterprises in the supply chain; (2) to automate operation and improve working efficiency, to make the whole operation flow of container "clearly visible", so as to prevent "leakage box" and "wrong box" in the course of transportation; (3) improve the quality of transportation service and logistics service. Therefore, RFID technology is chosen as the technical route of this paper. In the aspect of location algorithm, based on RSSI localization algorithm, the mapping between signal strength and geometric distance is established. According to the idea of LANDMARC reference label, the influence of multiple reference neighbors on system performance and positioning accuracy is studied. The Chan algorithm is used to estimate the initial position of the target to be located, and then the iterative algorithm is used to locate the target accurately. Finally, the algorithm considering the historical effect is improved and the algorithm is verified by simulation. The simulation results show that using more than 4 readers and not requiring too many reference tags can meet the needs of practical applications, and the historical effect algorithm does not need additional hardware to improve the positioning accuracy.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44

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