单层网壳采光顶结构形态学及网格划分优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 17:28

本文关键词：单层网壳采光顶结构形态学及网格划分优化研究　出处：《中国建筑科学研究院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：空间结构以其良好的空间三维受力特性,在大型集会场所、体育馆、飞机库、会展中心、游泳池、工业厂房等建筑中得到广泛应用。近年来随着计算机技术的发展,空间结构在形体研究上有了新的进展,使得结构形体与合理受力能完美结合。单层网壳采光顶结构作为一种沿曲面建立的空间结构,能以较小的表面积覆盖较大的空间,其优美的造型和合理的受力受到建筑师和结构师的青睐。对照国际的设计建造水平,结构形式严重地影响着中国空间结构向前发展。具体的体现是很多的网壳类的结构为了结构保险,对概念设计与结构形态很少研究,设计缺乏创意,结构形式单一。结构工程师往往是被动地去满足建筑师所提出的建筑造型,而不是在设计一开始就主动地参与确定形式,也就容易造成结构的不合理的问题,同时造成了工程的浪费与艺术价值的降低。本文试图从结构工程师的角度寻找具有较高承载力和建筑美学价值的网壳形体,并期望达到两者的和谐统一,找到“轻质”、“透明”的采光顶结构形式。本论文主要研究单层网壳结构形态学和四边形网格划分问题,主要工作有：(1)针对“轻质”优化目标,试图找到更加合理的单层网壳受力形式,以凯威特型球面网壳为例,对比了非线性有限元法和力密度法两种方法的找形效果,并将两种方法的找形球壳与传统球壳进行比较,对网壳结构的力学性能,特别是稳定性能进行对比分析。进而对一个复杂的采光顶网壳工程进行了形态学优化分析。(2)针对“透明”优化目标,研究分析了四边形网格网壳的网格划分实现方法和力学性能优化方法。相比常见的三角形网格,四边形网格单层网壳采光顶结构视觉上更加明亮通透,能够满足采光顶建筑对入与自然之间建立更加和谐亲近关系的要求。本文分别采用表面平移法和改进的作图法来创建球面网壳,得到四点共面的四边形网格划分,并对比两者的形态和力学性能；同时考虑到四边形网格抗剪能力较三角形网格弱,采取了配置预应力索的改进方法对所创建的网壳进行优化。(3)基于上述研究分析,本文对一个四边支撑双向网格单层网壳的实际工程进行了结构形式研究和方案设计。对应用表面平移法得到的四边形网格采光顶进行了力学性能分析。(4)对国内外采光顶结构常用的节点形式及其优缺点进行了总结概括,然后以焊接空心球节点这一网壳结构中常用的节点形式为例,提出了一种等效刚臂换算方法考虑焊接空心球节点刚度,讨论了设计中焊接空心球节点刚度对网壳整体结构刚度及稳定性的影响。同时,研究了考虑有限元软件计算中梁单元的计算精度对计算结果的影响。对焊接空心球节点单层网壳结构设计工作中考虑焊接空心球节点等效刚臂作用的意义提出了建议。
[Abstract]:The spatial structure with good three-dimensional force characteristics, in the large gathering places, gymnasium, hangar, exhibition center, swimming pool, are widely used in industrial buildings and so on. In recent years, with the development of computer technology, the spatial structure of the new progress in the research on the form, make the structure form and reasonable stress can be the perfect combination of single-layer latticed shell roof structure. As a kind of space structure along the surface is established, can cover more space with a smaller surface area, the stress of the beautiful shape and reasonable by architects and structure engineers of all ages. The control level of international design and construction, structure seriously affects the spatial structure of China forward the specific embodiment of development. Many kinds of shell structure to the structure of insurance, few studies of concept design and structure design, lack of creativity, structural engineers often form a single structure. Is passively to meet the architects proposed architectural style, rather than in the design at the beginning to actively participate in determining the form, also it is easy to cause the problem of irrational structure, also caused the waste and reduce the project's artistic value. This paper tries to seek higher bearing capacity and architectural aesthetic value of shell shape from structure the engineer's point of view, in order to achieve the harmonious unity of the two, find the "light", structure of "transparent" roof. This paper mainly studies the single layer reticulated shell structure morphology and quadrilateral meshes, the main work is: (1) according to the "light" optimization, trying to find a more reasonable by the single-layer reticulated shell force to form Kiewitt spherical shell as an example, comparing the nonlinear finite element method and force density method two kinds of methods to find the effect of shape, and the two method of form finding of spherical shell with traditional spherical shell Comparison of mechanical properties of reticulated shell structure, especially the comparative analysis of the stable performance. Then a complex roof latticed shell morphology of optimization analysis. (2) according to the "transparent" optimization objectives, research and analysis of the implementation method and mechanical performance optimization method of quadrilateral mesh shell mesh. Compared with the triangle common grid, quadrilateral grid single-layer latticed shell roof structure visual more bright and transparent, can meet the roof of building built between more harmonious with nature requires close relationship. This paper uses mapping surface translation method and improved to create a spherical shell, quadrilateral mesh obtained four point coplanar, and the morphology and mechanical properties of the contrast between the two; considering the quadrilateral mesh shear capacity is improved by weak triangle mesh, configuration method of prestressed cable Create the shell is optimized. (3) the above analysis based on actual engineering in this paper, a four supports two-way design of grid single-layer reticulated shell structure and research scheme. The quadrilateral mesh for lighting application of surface translation method of mechanical analysis. The top (4) lighting at home and abroad on the top node of the form the structure of the advantages and disadvantages were summed up, then the node is used to form the welded hollow spherical joints of latticed shell structure as an example, presents an equivalent conversion method considering the stiffness of rigid arm welded hollow spherical joints, discusses the design of welded hollow spherical joint stiffness influence on the stiffness and stability of reticulated shell the overall structure of the research. At the same time, the influence of calculation accuracy in the calculation of beam element considering finite element software. The calculation results of welded hollow spherical joints of single-layer reticulated shell structure design of welding into senior high school entrance examination The significance of the equivalent rigid arm action of hollow sphere joints is proposed.

【学位授予单位】：中国建筑科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU399

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