郑州市初中设计教育现状及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 18:30

本文选题：初中　切入点：设计教育　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：设计教育对培养学生的创造性思维、空间知觉能力和审美能力具有重要作用。这一作用已经引起了相关部门的高度的关注。2011年,我国制订了关于义务教育的美术学习的相关文件(《义务教育美术课程标准(2011年版)》)中明确指出,改革的根本任务是促进学生的综合发展,改变以前传统的学习方式与方法,根据每个学生的综合情况进行不同的教育方式,同时加强美术教育的学习,对于美术学习进行了严格的划分,注重美术的设计与应用能力,这就说明,“设计·应用”即初中设计教育已经作为义务教育美术课程标准的四大体系之一。在《义务教育美术课程标准(2011年版)》颁布15年后的今天,义务教育阶段中“设计教育”的落实情况、实施效果,以及学生是否认同这种教学模式,是否真正认真认识到了新课程的指导思想和改革走向?带着这样的问题,作者开始了对郑州市4所初中的283名同学进行问卷调查,及对10位美术教师进行了访谈。通过这些调研,笔者发现郑州市初中设计教育的不足主要体现在四个方面:设计课程学习时间短,设计科目枯燥乏味,教学方式没有新意,设计课程材料单一以及设计课程资源开发利用较少。造成这些不足的原因主要是:设计课程的开设得不到应有的重视、设计课程经费严重不足以及现在教师存在普遍的“铁饭碗”现象,从而导致部分教师的惰性。当前我国初中阶段的设计教育还处于初步发展阶段,与西方发达国家设计教育的进展相比,还有很大的差距。笔者对四个发达国家初中设计教育的经验进行梳理,它们是首开设计教育的德国、青出于“德”而胜于“德”的美国、二次工业革命后设计教育飞速发展的英国以及有着鲜明设计风格的日本,它们的共同经验是:注重培养中小学年龄阶段学生的创造力;经常组织学生参加展览与比赛,以激励法促使学生进行创造设计;积极借鉴他国的先进经验,但是又不仅仅止步于借鉴,而是与本国的传统文化结合起来进行因地制宜的设计教学,形成统一的全民设计教学。通过对郑州市初中设计教育现状的分析和对西方发达国家初中设计教育经验的借鉴,笔者对郑州市初中设计教育进一步发展的建议如下:更新设计教育的教学理念、遵循设计教育的教学原则、丰富设计教育的教学内容、提升设计教师的教学能力、建立有效的设计教育评价体系。对于传统的教育理念进行改革,采用先进的教育教学的方式,丰富教学的内容,加强教师素质培养,建立有效的设计教育评价体系等。对于还处于起步阶段的我国初中设计教育而言,需要理论建构和实践探索的双重推进。只有这样,初中设计教育才能有质的飞跃,才能充分发挥设计教育在培养全面发展的人才的应有价值和重要作用。
[Abstract]:Design education to cultivate students' creative thinking, which plays an important role in spatial perception ability and aesthetic ability. This effect has attracted the attention of the relevant departments of.2011, China's development of compulsory education in the arts learning related documents ("compulsory education art curriculum standard (2011 Edition) >) clearly pointed out. The basic task of the reform is to comprehensively promote the development of students, change the traditional learning mode and method, different way of education according to the situation of each student, while strengthening the art education for learning, learning of art were strictly divided, pay attention to the design and application of the ability of art, which shows that the design and application" the junior middle school education has been designed as one of the four major system of compulsory education course standard of art. In "art curriculum standards of compulsory education (2011 Edition) > issued today after 15 years, The stage of compulsory education in "design education" implementation, implementation effect, and the students agree with the teaching mode, whether really realized the guiding ideology and the new curriculum reform to? With these questions, the author started 283 students from 4 junior high schools in Zhengzhou city were investigated with questionnaire, and on the 10 art teachers are interviewed. Through these research, the author found that the lack of design of junior middle school education in Zhengzhou city is mainly reflected in four aspects: curriculum design short learning time, design subjects boring, no new teaching methods, curriculum design and design of single material curriculum resources development and utilization is less. The causes of these issues is the main reason: design the course is not given much attention, design a serious shortage of funds and now teachers are generally "a secure job" phenomenon, resulting in some of the teachers Inert. Design education of current our country middle school is still in the preliminary stage of development, compared with the progress of design education in western developed countries, there is a big gap. The experience of the junior high school of design education in four developed countries to sort out, which is the first design education in Germany, green for "Virtue" rather than "de" the rapid development of education, design two times after the industrial revolution in Britain and Japan has a distinctive design style, common experience they are paying attention to the training of primary and secondary school age students creativity; often organize students to participate in the exhibition and competition, to encourage students to create incentive method design; actively learn from the advanced experience of other countries. But it is not just stop at the reference, but with their traditional culture combined with the design of teaching conditions, the formation of the national unified teaching design. Based on Zhengzhou City The status quo analysis and design education of junior high school education in western developed countries design experience, the further development of the junior middle school education in Zhengzhou, the design suggestions are as follows: update the design education teaching philosophy, teaching the principles of design education, design education enrich the teaching content, enhance the teaching ability of teachers, the establishment of design education evaluation the system of effective reform. The traditional concept of education, the advanced education teaching mode, enrich the teaching content, enhancing the quality of teachers training, the establishment of an effective design of educational evaluation system for junior high school in China design education is still in the starting stage, need to promote dual theory exploration construction and practice. Only in this way design, junior high school education can have a qualitative leap, in order to give full play to the design education in the cultivation of all-round talents should be valuable and important for Use.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.955

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