地铁疏散人员行为特征及应急疏散仿真

发布时间：2018-04-13 14:25

本文选题：地铁站事故 + Pathfinder应用　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国城市道路轨道交通建设正在飞速的向前推进,但是由于新装备、新控制技术的飞速发展,带来了安全管理薄弱,工程难度加大等问题。同时由于地铁深处地下,并且具有高运载量,人员高密度的特性,事故时仅有有限的出口可供人员疏散,因而地铁安全问题显得尤为重要。本文从地铁站的特性、人员行为学原理和人员疏散行为特征等出发,通过问卷调查、文献查阅等收集了大量人员基本特征与人员行为反应数据,并分析地铁站的特殊结构、人员基本特性等因素对人员疏散时间的影响。通过调查发现,大部分被调查人员对车站出口、紧急疏散标志较为熟悉,但仅有小部分群体能够知道车厢灭火器和紧急按钮并熟练掌握使用方法。多数被调查人员在紧急情况下都能作出较为理智的反应,但人有小部分被调查人员会做出错误的疏散逃生反应,在一定程度上会阻碍整个疏散过程的进行。在相关性分析方面,性别、年龄、职业、消防安全教育培训经历和乘车频次等因素对于疏散行为特征均显著相关,教育程度和性格对疏散行为特征具有相关性,而群集关系对疏散行为特征的影响不明显。本文以郑州地铁一号线会展中心站为背景进行建模,对所模拟站点无列车停靠客流高峰状态、单列车停靠客流高峰状态和双列车停靠客流高峰状态三种不同状态下的疏散能力进行了研究,并进一步研究了人员基本特性和车站结构对疏散过程的影响:在无列车及单列车停靠客流高峰状态下,车站的疏散能力满足规范要求。曾有过消防安全培训经历或乘车频次较高的疏散人员占比高会减少疏散人员反应时间,在一定程度上会促进反应进程。在无列车停靠客流高峰状态下,即总疏散人数较少的情况下,乘客所需疏散能力未达到楼梯能够承载的固定疏散能力,因此该状态下影响疏散效率的主要是人员速度、肩宽等基本特征。在单列车停靠客流高峰状态下,即总疏散人数较多的情况下,乘客所需疏散能力超过楼梯能够提供的固定疏散能力,因此在该状态下影响疏散效率的主要是楼梯宽度及闸机位置。本文考虑在该模型中在站厅层楼梯口附近设置一个宽度为1m的平开栅栏门,使疏散时间缩短26.5s,疏散效率明显提升,同时也维持了原站内关键环节布置。
[Abstract]:At the same time, due to the underground underground, with the characteristics of high transport capacity and high density of personnel, there are only a limited number of exits for evacuation in the accident, so the subway safety problem is particularly important.Based on the characteristics of subway station, the principle of human behavior and the characteristics of evacuation behavior, this paper collects a large number of data of basic characteristics and behavior reaction of people through questionnaire survey and literature review, and analyzes the special structure of subway station.Basic characteristics of personnel and other factors on the evacuation time.It is found that most of the respondents are familiar with the exit of the station and the emergency evacuation sign, but only a small number of people can know the fire extinguishers and emergency buttons and master the methods of use.Most of the people surveyed can make a more rational response in an emergency, but a small number of people will make the wrong evacuation escape response, to some extent will hinder the entire evacuation process.In the aspect of correlation analysis, sex, age, occupation, experience of fire safety education and training and frequency of riding were significantly related to evacuation behavior characteristics, and education level and personality were correlated with evacuation behavior characteristics.The effect of cluster relationship on evacuation behavior is not obvious.This paper takes Zhengzhou Metro Line 1 Exhibition Center Station as the background to model the peak state of passenger flow without train stop at the simulated station.The evacuation capacity of passenger flow peak state of single train stop and peak state of double train stop passenger flow is studied in this paper.The basic characteristics of personnel and the influence of station structure on the evacuation process are further studied: the evacuation capacity of the station meets the standard requirements under the condition of peak passenger flow without train and single train stop.The high proportion of evacuees who have had fire safety training experience or high frequency of riding will reduce the reaction time of evacuees and promote the reaction process to a certain extent.When there is no peak passenger flow, that is, the total number of evacuees is small, the evacuation capacity of passengers is not up to the fixed evacuation capacity which can be carried by the stairs, so the evacuation efficiency is mainly affected by the speed of people in this state.Basic features such as shoulder width.Under the condition of peak passenger flow at a single train stop, that is, when the total number of evacuees is large, the evacuation capacity required by passengers exceeds the fixed evacuation capacity that can be provided by the staircase.Therefore, the main factors affecting evacuation efficiency are staircase width and gate location.In this paper, a flat gate with width of 1m is set up near the staircase of the station hall in this model, which can shorten the evacuation time by 26.5s, improve the evacuation efficiency obviously, and maintain the layout of key links in the original station at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U231.96

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