环渤海现代农业区域比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 10:36

本文选题：环渤海区域 + 现代农业　；参考：《北京林业大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 环渤海区域现代农业发展研究是一个重要的科学问题,对于国家制定区域农业发展规划、加快区域经济一体化进程、明确区域发展重点及方向等具有重要的意义。本研究旨在全面剖析环渤海区域资源条件、区位优势和制约因素等农业和农村发展现状的基础上,评价并研判环渤海不同区域现代农业所处的发展阶段；根据优势指数分析结果划分该区域主要农产品的优势区；根据区位特点与农业发展现状进行特定区域现代农业的发展定位与模式选择；根据研究结果提出促进环渤海地区现代农业发展的政策措施。主要研究内容及结论如下： (1)环渤海现代农业研究属于区域农业发展方向的研究内容,其理论主要包括农业区位理论、城乡一体化理论、农业区域优势导向理论、产业演进理论、比较优势理论和可持续发展理论。 (2)针对环渤海区域发展农业的自然资源条件和农村经济发展现状进行深入分析,结果表明该区域自然资源条件丰厚、农业与农村经济发展取得了显著成就,这为该区域发展现代农业提供了坚实的自然条件及社会经济基础。同时对环渤海区域经济发展特点及发展现代农业的有利条件、制约因素及面临的历史机遇进行了详细分析,结果表明该区域大力发展现代农业对国家和环渤海区域经济一体化发展均具有重大意义。 (3)以现代农业综合发展水平为评价的总体目标,以农业投入、农业产出、农村社会发展水平及农业可持续发展水平为分级目标,初步构建了环渤海现代农业区域发展水平评价指标体系。针对环渤海各省市的数据进行评价分析,结果显示：现代农业的发达地区主要集中在经济基础较为雄厚、科技水平较为突出,对农业的反哺能力比较强的大城市及其周边区域以及滨海区,而偏远山区及缺乏特色的农业区,经济基础相对薄弱,农业投入相对较少,农业发展水平较低。因此,北京的综合指数最高,达到0.79,其次为天津市,达到0.72,山东省为0.64,辽宁省为0.60,河北省最低,为0.595。分城市看,环渤海区域现代农业目前还没有任何一个城市达到发达阶段的水平,处于初步实现阶段有10个城市,主要集中在山东(占5个),大部分城市还处于初步发展阶段和起步阶段。其中,威海市因为发展海洋产业最为突出,其现代化水平最高,达到0.777；最低的张家口市,因为传统农业占据比重大而影响其现代化发展的进程,其综合发展水平指数仅为威海市的一半(0.382)。 (4)通过构建比较优势指数,对环渤海区域现代农业“产中领域”的种植业农产品、养殖业畜产品以及水产品进行比较优势分析,结果表明：综合种植规模比较优势和单产比较优势结果,环渤海区域具备综合比较优势的作物是高粱(1.2)、小麦(1.28)、玉米(1.32)、谷子(1.63)棉花(1.14)、蔬菜(1.24)和花生(1.44)。在畜产品比较优势方面,由于存栏规模比较优势和产量比较优势的相互影响,环渤海区域仅有奶类(1.05)和禽蛋(1.51)具备综合比较优势,应成为今后畜产品发展的重点。环渤海区域水产品的比较优势指数达到1.43,属于水产品的比较优势区,可依托区域的优势资源大力发展水产业。 (5)按照农业自然条件和经济条件一致等原则,以县为单位,把环渤海区域现代农业划分为都市型现代农业区、山区涵养型现代农业区、滨海出口创汇型与现代渔业区和平原集约型现代农业区四种类型区,并对各类型区制定了未来发展方向和重点,即：都市型现代农业区由北京、天津等共8个大城市的城区和近郊区共59个市辖区组成,应根据国内外发展经验,充分利用大中城市郊区的区位优势,技术、资金、人才、信息等的优势,发展精品农业、会展农业、休闲观光农业等现代农业模式,加快实施现代农业产业提升工程；山区涵养型现代农业区共包括70个县市(区),应重点加强山区的农业生态环境建设,发挥山区农业的生态功能,加快畜牧业的产业化,同时要重点加强山区特色农副产品的生产。滨海出口创汇型与现代渔业区共包括47个县市(区),应充分发挥区位优势,发展名优特色农产品,建设环渤海区域农产品出口创汇基地、加工物流基地和现代渔业基地。平原集约型现代农业区共包括208个县市(区),应提高农业科技水平,加强农产品的专业化、规模化、标准化基地建设,推进现代农业产业化进程。 (6)根据研究结论提出实行土地流转制度、加大现代农业投入、优化区域农业布局、发挥农业多功能性、加快制定区域现代农业规划等促进环渤海现代农业发展的对策措施。
[Abstract]:The development of modern agriculture in Bohai Sea is an important scientific problem , which is of great significance for the development of regional agricultural development planning , speeding up the process of regional economic integration , defining the focal point and direction of regional development .
dividing the dominant region of the main agricultural product in the region according to the analysis result of the advantage index ;
According to the characteristics of location and the present situation of agricultural development , the development orientation and mode selection of modern agriculture are carried out .
According to the research results , policy measures for promoting the development of modern agriculture in the Bohai Rim are put forward . The main research contents and conclusions are as follows :

( 1 ) Modern agricultural research in Bohai Sea belongs to the research content of regional agricultural development direction , its theory mainly includes agricultural region theory , urban and rural integration theory , agricultural region superiority guiding theory , industrial evolution theory , comparative advantage theory and sustainable development theory .

( 2 ) Based on the analysis of the conditions of natural resources and the development of rural economy in the Bohai Sea region , the results show that the region ' s natural resources are rich , agricultural and rural economic development have made remarkable achievements , which provides a solid natural condition and social economic foundation for the development of modern agriculture in the region .

( 3 ) Based on the comprehensive development level of modern agriculture as an overall objective , the index system for evaluating the development level of modern agricultural region in the Bohai Sea is preliminarily constructed based on agricultural input , agricultural output , rural social development level and sustainable development level of agriculture .
At the lowest level , the overall development level index is only half of the city ( 0.382 ) because the traditional agriculture occupies a more important process than the process of its modernization .

( 4 ) By constructing comparative advantage index , the comparative advantage analysis of planting agricultural products , livestock products and aquatic products in the area of production of modern agriculture in the Bohai Sea area is analyzed . The results show that the crops with comprehensive comparative advantage in Bohai Sea area are sorghum ( 1.2 ) , wheat ( 1.28 ) , corn ( 1.32 ) , millet ( 1 . 63 ) cotton ( 1.14 ) , vegetables ( 1.24 ) and peanuts ( 1.44 ) .

( 5 ) According to the principles of conformity of natural conditions and economic conditions of agriculture , the modern agriculture in the Bohai Sea is divided into four types of urban modern agricultural areas , mountain - bearing modern agricultural areas , coastal export income - generating types and modern fishery zones and plain intensive modern agricultural areas .
There are 70 counties ( districts ) in mountainous areas , which should focus on strengthening agricultural ecological environment construction in mountain areas , playing the ecological functions of mountain area agriculture and accelerating the industrialization of animal husbandry . At the same time , we should focus on strengthening the production of agricultural and sideline products with special features . The modern agricultural areas of coastal export include 208 counties and cities ( districts ) , so as to improve the agricultural science and technology level , strengthen the specialization , scale of agricultural products , standardize the base construction and advance the process of modern agriculture industrialization .

( 6 ) According to the research conclusion , put forward the land circulation system , increase the modern agricultural input , optimize the regional agricultural layout , play the multi - function of agriculture , accelerate the development of regional modern agricultural planning and so on , and promote the development of modern agriculture in the Bohai Sea .

【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F127

【引证文献】