对巫山龙门口墓地发掘的东汉弦纹铺首铜鉴的科技分析与修复

发布时间：2018-04-21 00:06

本文选题：科技分析 + 腐蚀机理　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：青铜器的冶铸可以追溯到尧舜禹时代,它的产生是文明进步的一个重要象征,在历经朝代的更替之后,青铜器的发展在我国夏商周时期达到鼎盛。至汉代铜器的比重便占的越来越少,装饰也较简单且多为素面。青铜器流传在世间的方式,除一直流传有序的之外还有很多是在考古发掘中出土。在发掘出土的青铜器在地底经历了长久的埋藏之后,其本体就已经受到微生物的破坏,亟待修复保护。待修复的是一件东汉弦纹铺首铜鉴,此件青铜器为重庆地区龙门口墓地出土交由重庆中国三峡博物馆代为修复的一件出土青铜器。器物在形制上是常见的铜鉴,通过观察发现器物有变形、缺失、裂缝等一系列的病害特征。器物表面已经产生了一层绿色的的锈蚀产物并且有白色硬结物。该青铜鉴在当时可能是作为人们的日用器使用。所以从历史价值方面来说,修复此件青铜器这对于研究巴渝地区的青铜器的发展有一定的价值。而从科学价值方面来说,对青铜器的锈蚀产物的科技分析,也能让我们更好的了解青铜器的进行腐蚀反应的过程,提高我们对于文物科技分析手段的认识。在分析检测过程中用到的操作方法主要有实验的定性定量研究法,和文献调查与实际操作相结合法。定性定量研究法主要有X射线荧光、扫描电子显微镜能谱分析、X射线衍射分析,利用X射线荧光分析锈蚀产物的元素成分,进行定性分析,先确定成分,再利用扫描电子显微镜直接观察锈蚀表面的结构形态。以建立对锈蚀产物的直接形态的了解。最后运用X射线衍射仪进行定量分析各种物质的组成成分,试验结果表明,白色的硬结物为碳酸钙和碳酸镁钙,绿色的锈蚀产物为碱式碳酸铜。且铅的含量一直很高,推断为铅青铜。并没有含有氯离子的化合物的产生,所以推断此青铜的锈蚀产物是无害锈。而对青铜器的腐蚀机理做进一步研究之后,发现碱式碳酸铜是常见的青铜腐蚀物。在进行一系列的分析之后,笔者在修复时采用环保,科学的方式对青铜器本体做了一次用于博物馆陈列性展览修复的实践。
[Abstract]:The smelting and casting of bronze ware can be traced back to the period of Yao, Shun and Yu. It is an important symbol of civilization progress. After the replacement of the dynasty, the development of bronze ware reached its peak in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. To the Han Dynasty, the proportion of bronze is less and less, decoration is simpler and more plain surface. In addition to the way bronzes have been handed down in the world, many of them have been unearthed in archaeological excavations. After excavating the bronze ware buried underground for a long time, its body has been destroyed by microorganisms, which needs to be repaired and protected urgently. What is to be repaired is a bronze piece unearthed at the Longmen Cemetery in Chongqing by the three Gorges Museum of China for the restoration of the first copper mirror of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The object is a common copper mirror in shape. Through observation, it is found that the object has a series of disease characteristics such as deformation, missing, crack and so on. The surface of the object has produced a green rusting product and a white knot. The bronze mirror was probably used as a daily appliance for people at the time. Therefore, in terms of historical value, the restoration of this bronze ware has certain value for the study of the development of bronzes in Bayu area. From the point of view of scientific value, the scientific and technological analysis of rust products of bronze ware can also help us better understand the process of corrosion reaction of bronze ware and improve our understanding of the means of scientific and technological analysis of cultural relics. The operation methods used in the analysis and detection mainly include the qualitative and quantitative research method of experiment and the combination of literature investigation and practical operation. The qualitative and quantitative methods mainly include X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope energy spectrum analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, using X-ray fluorescence to analyze the elemental components of rusted products, qualitative analysis, and first determining the composition. The structure and morphology of corroded surface were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). To establish a direct understanding of the form of rust products. Finally, the composition of various substances was quantitatively analyzed by X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that the white cemented products were calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, and the green corrosion products were basic copper carbonate. And the content of lead has been very high, inferred as lead bronze. No compounds containing chloride ions were produced, so it was assumed that the corrosion product of the bronze was harmless. After further study on the corrosion mechanism of bronze ware, it is found that basic copper carbonate is a common bronze corrosion material. After a series of analysis, the author used the environmental protection and scientific method to make a practice of the restoration of the bronze ware in the museum display exhibition.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K876.41

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