某会展中心火灾风险评估探究

发布时间：2018-05-21 01:04

本文选题：会展中心 + 火灾　；参考：《天津大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代化建筑事业的发展,我国的建筑业呈现出向大空间和多功能方向发展的趋势,如大型商场、展览厅、文体场馆、候机停车厅等。大空间建筑往往防火分区被上、下贯穿的大空间破坏,有的甚至超过了现行“建筑防火设计规范”的限定,所以客观的火灾风险评估可以为人们预防火灾、控制火灾和扑灭火灾提供科学的依据和支持,也能够帮助人们认识建筑火灾的危险程度以及可能造成的损失状况,从而为防、灭火工作提供科学的指导。本文在充分研究火灾风险评估学的基础上,对该会展中心的消防设计进行全面的分析评估。首先通过对该会展中心的位置特点、结构特点、功能特点、人员特点和消防设施安装与分布情况进行分析,找出消防设计方面存在的问题,确立该会展中心的火灾风险评估方案。在进行风险评估时,采用人员疏散模拟软件PathFinder对建筑的疏散场景进行模拟分析,计算出各个场景下人员安全疏散所必需的时间,从而判定展厅排烟系统的有效性;运用水力模型软件通过对疏散过程中的不确定性因素进行分析,并对火灾蔓延过程的不确定性进行模拟分析,确定疏散人员的时间;根据不同区域的火灾类型、火灾荷载、可燃物性质,建立相应的火灾场景,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)对已确定的火灾场景进行火灾烟气运动模拟计算,从而对所设计的防火分隔设施是否能将火灾控制在设定的防火区域内进行判断,从而判定防火分区设计的合理性、可行性,同时提出防火分隔、自动报警系统、自动灭火系统、防排烟设施及安全疏散等方面的合理化建议。本论文根据该会展中心的使用性质和功能进行了火灾风险评估,但是要达到防火性能的总目标,必须做到建筑设计与建筑物的日常使用、管理密切配合,才能更好地发挥消防设施的作用,提高建筑的消防安全性能,实现火灾的防治工作。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern architecture, the construction industry of our country is developing towards the direction of large space and multi-function, such as large shopping malls, exhibition halls, sports venues, terminal parking halls and so on. Large space buildings are often damaged by large space through the fire prevention zone, and some even exceed the limits of the current "Building Fire Protection Design Code". Therefore, objective fire risk assessment can prevent fire for people. Controlling fire and extinguishing fire can provide scientific basis and support, also can help people to understand the dangerous degree of building fire and the situation of possible loss, thus providing scientific guidance for preventing and extinguishing fire. Based on the study of fire risk assessment, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the fire protection design of the Convention and Exhibition Center. First of all, by analyzing the location, structure, function, personnel and installation and distribution of the fire protection facilities, the problems in fire protection design are found out. Establish the fire risk assessment program of the convention and exhibition center. In the process of risk assessment, the evacuation scene of the building is simulated and analyzed by the personnel evacuation simulation software PathFinder, and the necessary time for the safe evacuation of the people in each scenario is calculated, and the effectiveness of the smoke exhaust system in the exhibition hall is determined. The hydraulic model software is used to analyze the uncertain factors in the evacuation process, and to simulate and analyze the uncertainty of the fire spreading process to determine the time of evacuees, according to the fire types of different areas, the fire load, The properties of combustible matter, the corresponding fire scene is established, and the fire smoke motion simulation calculation is carried out by using the fire dynamics simulation software FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator. In order to judge whether the designed fire prevention separation facility can control the fire in the set fire prevention area, so as to judge the rationality and feasibility of the fire prevention zoning design, at the same time, the fire prevention separation, automatic alarm system and automatic fire extinguishing system are put forward. Reasonable suggestions on smoke prevention and evacuation. In this paper, the fire risk assessment is carried out according to the nature and function of the exhibition center, but in order to achieve the overall goal of fire prevention, it is necessary to cooperate closely with the building design and the daily use and management of the building. In order to play the role of fire fighting facilities better, improve the fire safety performance of buildings, achieve fire prevention and control work.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TU892

【参考文献】