秦俑彩绘保护材料耐老化性能的初步研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 09:22

本文选题：秦俑 + 彩绘文物　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：秦始皇兵马俑陪葬坑埋藏有彩绘陶俑、陶马7000余件,目前仅出土了1000余件,还有近6000件彩绘兵马俑有待考古发掘,加上秦始皇帝陵园内已探明的众多陪葬坑内的彩绘文物,将来有大量的彩绘保护工作要做,因此,寻找出一种性能可靠、加固有效的彩绘保护材料与方法显得尤为重要。虽然经过多年的不懈努力,在秦兵马俑彩绘的研究与保护上取得了重大突破,找到了初期加固效果良好的保护方法,为将来的彩绘保护工作奠定了基础,但所用的保护材料是否可靠、合理,目前未见有这方面的专门研究。本研究是对秦俑彩绘保护中所使用的加固材料和一些用于文物彩绘保护方面的商业材料的理化性能和耐老化性能进行比较研究,以了解其抵御环境的能力和不同环境因素对其影响的状况,一方面达到选择出性能更优的保护材料,另一方面,对于已经加固保护过的彩绘兵马俑,在其将来的储存、运输和展览当中,使其免于受到不利环境因素的影响,达到长期妥善保护的目的。本研究通过对7种保护材料的成膜性能观察、长达3年期的室内和室外自然环境老化实验、紫外线照射试验、温度试验、温湿试验、高湿试验、温度和紫外线联合试验、有机溶剂溶解试验、多种化学试剂试验,研究了它们的耐老化性能、可逆性和对其造成影响的主要环境因素；通过红外光谱仪对老化实验前后材料膜的检测与分析,研究了材料膜变黄的机理。本研究初步获得以下结果： 1、秦俑彩绘保护中所使用的加固材料PU(聚氨酯乳液)暴露到室外环境中很容易变黄,在5月份的室外自然环境中暴露1-2天,材料膜明显变黄。这是秦俑文物保护科技人员以前从末预料到的。保护材料的变色,会导致文物外观上的变化,对彩绘文物来说,会使原有颜色色调发生改变,这是文物保护原则所不允许的。该发现不仅能使已经经过PU材料保护的彩绘俑今后可得到妥善保存,而且也明示保护人员对PU材料的慎用,并且,已经引起秦俑文物保护科技人员的重视,目前正在积极寻找PU的替代材料。 2、试验表明：聚丙烯酸酯乳液材料稳定性能较好,可逆性较强,但不同品牌的聚丙烯酸酯乳液在理化性能上存在着差异。这就提醒文物保护人员在选择保护材料时,必须多选材、多试验。试验还表明,在受试的5种乳液材料中,LR9001聚丙烯酸酯乳液材料的综合性能最好。经进一步研究实验有可能成为秦俑彩绘保护材料PU的替代材料。 3、试验表明：在B72和M30两种有机溶剂型保护材料中,M30的耐化学性和耐老化性能欠佳,而B72的综合性能很好,可作为干燥且无生漆层彩绘文物的加固材料。 4、通过环境因素对PU膜色调影响的试验研究,结果表明PU的变黄主要是由紫外线和温度两种环境因素引起的。从而为用PU材料加固过的秦俑彩绘及其它文物彩绘的妥善保存提供了科学依据。5、通过对PU黄化膜的红外光谱分析与研究,结果表明PU膜的变黄是由于其光降解和热降解的产物引起的。 6、根据文献,评估了兵马俑坑的环境状况,针对已经采用PU材料加固保护过的彩绘兵马俑,提出了一些具体的保护对策建议。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a comparative study on the physical and chemical properties and anti - aging properties of pottery and cotta warriors in Qin Dynasty .

By observing the film - forming properties of seven kinds of protective materials , the aging experiments of indoor and outdoor natural environment for up to 3 years , ultraviolet irradiation test , temperature test , temperature and humidity test , high humidity test , temperature and ultraviolet combined test , organic solvent dissolution test and various chemical reagent tests were carried out , and the main environmental factors affecting their aging resistance , reversibility and impact on them were studied .
The mechanism of material film yellowing was studied by using infrared spectrometer to detect and analyze the material film before and after aging experiment .

The following results are primarily obtained in this study :

1 . The PU ( polyurethane emulsion ) used in the protection of the cotta - cotta cotta is easy to yellow in the outdoor environment . The material film is obviously yellow when exposed to outdoor environment for 1 - 2 days . It is not allowed by the principle of cultural relics protection . It can not only make the color painting that has been protected by PU material , but also show the importance of the protection personnel to PU material , and it is now actively searching for the substitute material of PU .

2 . The results show that the stability of polyacrylate emulsion material is better and the reversibility is strong , but the polyacrylate emulsion of different brands is different in physical and chemical properties .

3 . The test results show that the chemical resistance and aging resistance of M30 are poor in both B72 and M30 organic solvent type protective materials , and the comprehensive performance of B72 is very good , which can be used as a reinforcing material for drying and painting cultural relics without lacquer layer .

The results show that the yellowing of PU film is caused by its photodegradation and thermal degradation .

6 . According to the literature , the environment condition of the foxhole was assessed , and some specific suggestions on protection countermeasures were put forward according to the cotta warriors who had already adopted PU material to reinforce the protection .
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K879.3

【参考文献】