突发事件下多室内人群的疏散动力学行为和交通流能耗的研究

发布时间：2019-04-30 16:47

【摘要】：近年来,随着经济不断向前发展,城市化进程进一步加快,人口迅猛增加,许多大型的公共场所如体育馆、购物商场、展览中心等不断涌现。发生火灾、地震、恐怖事件等紧急突发事件时人员伤亡惨重,对社会造成的危害巨大。因此,研究如何快速及时地疏散紧急情况下的人群,意义重大。本文利用元胞自动机模型对紧急情况下室内人群经走廊疏散进行模拟,探讨存在逆向行人时室内出口设置对人群经走廊疏散的影响。同时,车辆保有量的快速增长,导致交通堵塞加剧、车辆交通事故增多、车辆排放量增大、环境污染严重、能源稀缺等一系列与车辆交通相关的问题,这些现已成为世界性的问题。因此,如何利用现有知识体系最大限度地挖掘出现有交通设施的通行能力同时降低能源消耗,具有十分重大的意义。本文利用宏观交通流模型讨论如何计算道路上车辆行驶时的能量耗散,最后用NaSch模型讨论十字道路红绿灯周期、道路车辆入流概率和出流概率对交通车辆的启动动能的影响。本文主要工作如下： (1)根据元胞自动机静态场模型,对室内低密度和高密度人群经走廊疏散进行模拟。研究出口的设置对人群疏散的影响。通过研究表明,疏散人群密度低时,室内出口设置离走廊出口越远,人群全部疏散所用时间越少,室内出口的设置越优。疏散人群密度高时,室内出口设置离走廊出口越近,人群全部疏散所用时间越少,室内出口的设置越优。 (2)根据动能减少量就是能量耗散量的定义,在几个经典宏观交通流模型基础上,提出计算能量耗散的公式,讨论宏观交通流模型中影响能耗的因素,并与元胞自动机模型中的作对比。经过分析讨论得出,宏观交通流模型能耗不同于元胞自动机交通模型,其能耗不仅与车流速度的减少有关,而且还受通过该路段车流的能量通量影响。通过对满足黎曼初始条件的道路能耗和道路交通瓶颈处能耗的计算和理论分析,表明交通拥堵处,能量耗散比较高,而且能量耗散的变化也能反映交通拥堵产生及消散的情况。 (3)根据元胞自动机启动动能的定义,当红绿灯间隔及车辆出入流概率不同时对十字路口处的总启动动能的影响。经过数值模拟及分析讨论得出,进车概率越大,出车概率越小,道路中的车辆越拥挤,红绿灯周期越小,越频繁地在十字路口及道路出口处形成往后传递的密度波,道路总启动能耗越大。最后,总结了本文的工作,对今后行人疏散及能耗的研究进行了展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of economy, the process of urbanization, the rapid increase of population, many large public places such as gymnasium, shopping malls, exhibition centers and so on continue to emerge. Fire, earthquake, terrorist events and other emergency incidents when casualties are heavy, causing great harm to the society. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to evacuate people in emergency situations quickly and in a timely manner. In this paper, the cellular automata model is used to simulate the evacuation of the indoor crowd through the corridor in an emergency, and the influence of the indoor exit setting on the evacuation of the crowd through the corridor in the presence of reverse pedestrians is discussed. At the same time, the rapid growth of vehicle ownership has led to the aggravation of traffic jams, the increase of vehicle traffic accidents, the increase of vehicle emissions, the serious environmental pollution, and the scarcity of energy and a series of problems related to vehicle traffic. These have become a worldwide problem. Therefore, how to use the existing knowledge system to maximize the capacity of traffic facilities and reduce energy consumption is of great significance. In this paper, the macroscopic traffic flow model is used to discuss how to calculate the energy dissipation of the vehicle on the road. Finally, the influence of the cross road traffic light period, the inflow probability and the outflow probability of the road vehicle on the starting kinetic energy of the traffic vehicle is discussed by using the NaSch model. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) based on the Cellular Automata static field model, the evacuation of indoor low-density and high-density people through the corridor is simulated. To study the impact of exit setting on crowd evacuation. The results show that when the density of evacuation crowd is low, the farther away from the corridor exit is, the less time it will take to evacuate all the people, and the better the indoor exit will be set. When the density of evacuation crowd is high, the nearer the indoor exit setting is to the corridor exit, the less time it takes to evacuate the whole crowd, and the better the indoor exit setting is. (2) according to the definition of energy dissipation, based on several classical macro traffic flow models, a formula for calculating energy dissipation is put forward, and the factors affecting energy consumption in macro traffic flow model are discussed. It is compared with that in cellular automata model. Through analysis and discussion, it is concluded that the energy consumption of macro traffic flow model is different from that of cellular automata traffic model, and its energy consumption is not only related to the reduction of traffic flow speed, but also affected by the energy flux of traffic flow through this section. Through the calculation and theoretical analysis of the road energy consumption and the road traffic bottle neck energy consumption satisfying the Riemannian initial conditions, it is shown that the energy dissipation at the traffic congestion is relatively high, and the change of the energy dissipation can also reflect the occurrence and dissipation of the traffic congestion. (3) according to the definition of the starting kinetic energy of cellular automata, the influence of the interval of traffic lights and the probability of vehicle entering and leaving flow on the total starting kinetic energy at the crossing is different. Through numerical simulation and analysis, it is concluded that the greater the probability of entering and leaving the car, the smaller the probability of exit, the more crowded the vehicles in the road, the smaller the cycle of traffic lights, and the more frequent the density wave will be transmitted backward at the crossroads and at the exit of the road. The greater the total start-up energy consumption of the road. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized, and the future research on pedestrian evacuation and energy consumption is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U491.112

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