FDI与东道国贫困减少的理论与实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 16:41

本文关键词：FDI与东道国贫困减少的理论与实证研究　出处：《重庆大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化进程的不断深入，外国直接投资（FDI）在世界经济发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色。关于外国直接投资（FDI）对东道国经济发展的影响研究曾几度成为国际经济学界关注的热点话题。从外国直接投资（FDI）形成的原因到外国直接投资（FDI）对东道国的各种溢出效应的研究，这些都为国际经济学带来了巨大发展，也为世界经济一体化和全球化奠定了深厚的理论基础。尽管世界经济经历了长期的平稳增长，然而，贫穷问题仍是当今世界最尖锐的社会问题之一。它不仅阻碍社会经济发展，同时也是造成社会不稳定的最大因素之一。消除贫困，解决每个人的温饱问题，已经成为各国政府的首要任务和重要职责。早在2000年，联合国就在《千年发展目标宣言》（Millennium DevelopmentGoals Declaration，MDGD）中将“促进人类发展和显著减少贫困”作为发展中国家截止到2015年的阶段性目标。尽管外国直接投资（FDI）的出现已长达半个多世纪，并且对发展中国家的经济增长有着巨大的促进作用（这一观点直到现在仍存有争议），然而直到本世纪初，关于FDI的研究大多仍集中于FDI对东道国工资水平、技术溢出等方面的研究，FDI与东道国贫困变化之间关系的研究仍不为大多数学者所关注。进入本新世纪后，各国政府都将消除贫困放在了本国社会发展的首要位置，FDI与东道国贫困问题之间的关系也受到了国际相关机构、经济学者和各国政府的普遍关注。基于中国是利用外资最大的发展中国家和拥有绝对数量庞大的贫困人口这两个现实情况，，本研究结合中国的实际情况就FDI对中国不同层面和区域的贫困变化之间的关系进行了研究。之后，本研究结合FDI的不同类型对FDI与东道国福利之间的关系进行了理论分析，并结合流入中国不同产业的FDI数据，对这一关系进行了实证研究。经过对上述观点的探究，本研究主要得出以下几个结论： ①FDI对我国贫困减少有着显著的影响作用，且具有很强的非线性特征；另外，不同层面的FDI相同流入速度对贫困减少的影响程度亦有不同，显示出FDI贫困减少效应的“层面依赖性”； FDI的减贫效应在1990——1995年间，对于三个层面的贫困减少都有高区制的减贫效应。之后，城镇地区和全国总体而言，FDI的减贫机制大都处于低区制内。就农村层面来说，FDI在该层面的减贫效应“门槛”较低，这可能与我国贫困主体广泛分布于农村地区有关。 ②流入中国三大区域间的FDI对缓解三大区域的贫困状况有显著的正向积极作用，即FDI的减贫效应在我国三大区域间不存在“质”的差异。但FDI的减贫效应在我国东、中、西部地区却存在“量”的不同。人均FDI的变化比例（也可理解为人均FDI对贫困指数的偏弹性）对我国东部地区的贫困指数变动影响为-0.19左右，对西部地区贫困指数的影响为-0.17左右，而对中部地区的影响最小降低至-0.15左右。 ③造成FDI的贫困减少效应存在区域差异的原因主要受到区域开放程度、区域内部的GINI系数以及区域科技水平等因素的影响，且这些因素影响作用的大小随着区域间经济的发展变化呈现出动态变化。以2003年为分界点，区域开放程度和区域内部的GINI系数对FDI贫困减少效应的溢出出现了交叉分化。2003年前，区域开放程度一直是影响FDI贫困减少效应溢出的最大因素，而区域内部的GINI系数的影响作用则次之；2003年后，区域内部的GINI系数成为了影响FDI贫困减少效应溢出的最主要因素，区域开放程度则成为第二大因素。在区域开放程度、区域内部的GINI系数和区域科技水平三个因素当中，区域科技水平在整个考察区间对FDI贫困减少效应的溢出影响都是最小因素，但其影响作用却一直处于上升趋势。 ④外资企业和合资企业等FDI企业作为东道国的引资“代理人”会依据东道国政府对不同类型FDI的偏好而进行“倾向性”引资。当东道国政府为了更多的引进外资给与政策优惠时，不同类型的FDI都有进入东道国投资的冲动，东道国政府不同的优惠政策会带来不同的福利影响，并且对所有外资的“超国民待遇”越大，反而越有可能损害本国的整体福利。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an increasingly important role in the development of the world economy. On foreign direct investment (FDI) impact on the economic development of the host country had a couple of words become a hot concern of the international economics. From the foreign direct investment (FDI) causes to foreign direct investment (FDI) on spillover effect to the host country, which brought great development for international economics, has laid a solid theoretical basis for the integration of the world economy and globalization.
Although the world economy has experienced a steady growth in the long term, however, the problem of poverty is still one of the social problems of the world's most incisive. It not only hinder economic and social development, is also one of the biggest factors causing social instability. To eliminate poverty, solve everyone's problems of food and clothing, has become the primary task of governments and important responsibilities. As early as 2000, the United Nations Declaration of development goals in the Millennium "(Millennium DevelopmentGoals Declaration, MDGD)," the promotion of human development and reduce poverty "as developing countries by the end of 2015 milestones.
Although foreign direct investment (FDI) has more than half a century, and the economic growth in developing countries has a huge role in promoting (this view until now is still controversial), however, until the beginning of this century, the researches on FDI are still concentrated in the east of FDI road in the wage level, the research on technology spillover so, study on the relationship between FDI and the changes of poverty of the host country is still not as most scholars. Entering the new century, governments will eliminate poverty is put in the first place of the development of the society, the FDI and the host country of poverty and the relationship between the relevant international organizations have also been widespread concern, economists and governments all over the world. Based on the China is the largest developing country and the use of foreign capital has a huge number of absolute poverty population in the two reality, this study combined with the actual situation of the FDI in Chinese The relationship between the changes of poverty in different levels and regions were studied. Then, this study combined with FDI of different types of relationship between FDI and the welfare of host country is analyzed, and combining FDI data into different industries China, the relationship between the empirical research. Through the research on the above ideas, this the research mainly draws the following conclusions:
FDI has a significant influence on China's poverty reduction, and has strong nonlinear characteristics; in addition, different levels of the same FDI inflow velocity impact on poverty reduction are different, showing the FDI poverty reduction effect "level of dependence; poverty reduction effect of FDI should be 1990 - 1995 for three years, the level of poverty reduction has high poverty reducing effects of system. After that, urban areas and the overall poverty reduction mechanism, FDI is mostly in low district system. The rural level, the level of FDI in the poverty reduction effect of" threshold "is relatively low, which may be related to poverty in China the subject is widely distributed in rural areas.
The China flows between the three regions of FDI to alleviate the poverty situation of three regions have a positive effect, namely FDI poverty reduction effect does not exist "quality" of the differences between the three regions in our country. But the poverty reducing effects of FDI in East China, in the "quantity", but there the different western regions. The percentage change in per capita FDI (also can be understood as the per capita FDI of poverty index elasticity) impact on poverty index changes in the eastern region of China is about -0.19 and the impact on poverty index in western area is about -0.17, and the influence on the central region of the minimum is reduced to about -0.15.
The causes of the poverty reduction effect of FDI is mainly affected by the regional differences of regional opening degree, regional factors within the GINI coefficient and the regional science and technology level, and these factors influence the size with the change and development of regional economic show dynamic changes. The cut-off point in 2003, the GINI coefficient and the degree of opening area within the region to reduce the effects of the overflow of FDI poverty appear cross differentiation.2003 years ago, the regional opening degree has been the biggest impact factors of spillover effects of FDI poverty reduction, GINI coefficient and intra regional influence is secondary; after 2003, GINI coefficient within the region has become the main influencing factors of the spillover. FDI poverty reduction, regional openness has become the second major factors in regional opening degree, GINI coefficient of intra regional and regional science and technology level of the three factors, district The impact of the domain technology level on the spillover effect of the FDI poverty reduction effect is the smallest factor, but its effect has been on the rise.
The foreign enterprises and joint ventures and other FDI companies as the host country investment "agent" will be "tendentious" on the basis of the host government investment preferences for different types of FDI. When the host government for more foreign investment to give preferential policies, different types of FDI have entered the host country investment impulse, the host government different preferential the policy will bring different welfare effects, and super national treatment to all foreign "bigger, but more likely to damage their overall welfare.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F224;F831.6;F113.9

【参考文献】