外资进入对中国寿险业市场结构、行为和绩效的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 16:06

本文关键词：外资进入对中国寿险业市场结构、行为和绩效的影响研究　出处：《东北财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：外资保险公司在国内保险市场的作用是政策制定者们极为关注的话题。在过去的三、四十年间,最为普遍的一种观点是认为对于外资保险公司的进入即使没有全面禁止,也应给予相当程度的政策限制以保护本国保险市场的稳定。因此,许多国家都在一定程度上限制了外资保险公司在本国的投资与经营,保险市场大多表现出垄断或寡头垄断的市场结构。然而,这种状况正随着越来越多的国家金融自由化改革的深入而逐渐改变。到目前为止,全球已有70多个国家实现了资本的自由流动。伴随着与贸易相关的国内微观经济体的改革,许多国家逐步开放了商品和金融服务市场,从前饱受诟病的外商直接投资,现今正受到热烈的追捧,关税和非关税贸易壁垒逐渐降低,国有企业股份制改革、私有化程度加深,许多政府都对金融行业尤其是保险业放松了政策管制。然而,这种金融自由化所带来的风险与弊端却不容忽视,对于尚未完全成熟的国内市场,特别是金融服务和保险行业来说,外资的进入仍会给本国的经济带来相当程度的冲击。中国作为新兴国家,寿险业的发展也不过二十几年,无法与欧美发达国家保险行业近百年的发展史相提并论。但自我国恢复国内寿险业务以来,行业发展迅速,经营主体数量和保费收入不断增加,经济补偿、资金融通和社会管理功能不断发展与丰富,在社会经济生活中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。年均保费规模从1999年的140.6亿元人民币增长到2009年的1.137万亿元人民币,平均以每年27%的速度扩张,2010年中国保险市场保费规模已跃居世界第六位,且随着人口的不断增长和国内经济的快速发展,这一数字将会继续攀升。据瑞士再保险公司的预计,到2021年,中国将成为全球仅次于美国的第二大寿险和非寿险市场。中国能够成为全球保费规模增长最快的地区,外资的力量功不可没。外国保险业的发展早于我国,整体机制更加完善,而外资保险公司是按照它在母国的要求来经营操作,这对中资公司起到了很强的示范效应,不仅促进中国保险市场竞争机制的完善,还推动了我国保险行业的规范化。2001年底,我国成为世界贸易组织的成员国,保险业作为金融行业的排头兵率先实现对外开放,承诺允许外国公司更顺利地进入中国市场,具体措施包括允许外国寿险公司设立分支机构或外资持股50%的合资公司、取消业务经营的地域限制等。外资保险公司的进入给我国寿险市场带来了前所未有的影响,不仅使国内保险公司在承保、营销、定价、投资等各个领域学习到了先进的技术和管理经验,更为中国寿险市场竞争机制与市场监管的完善起到了重大的推动作用。本文综合运用了理论分析与实证分析这两种经济分析的基本方法,实现定量分析与定性分析相结合。首先,本文从定性分析出发,分析了外资进入我国保险市场的现状,为后续研究外资进入对寿险产业的影响建立理论支撑。其次,在定性分析的基础上,本文利用统计数据进行相关定量研究,从市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效三个方面对外资进入的影响加以具体分析。市场结构方面,从进入壁垒、市场集中度和产品差异化程度三个角度入手,深入分析了我国寿险市场结构的演变历史及未来发展趋势；市场行为方面,外资的进入不仅引入了西方先进的管理思想、经营模式和产品研发技术等,其稳健的经营作风也促进了国内寿险公司竞争行为的理性化；市场绩效方面,本文从行业层面和公司层面两个层次分析了外资的进入效应,并通过运用财务指标分析法和多元回归模型法为实证结论提供了充分的分析依据。本文最后依据我国寿险公司的实际经营现状及对外资进入效应的实证分析结果,提出了几点建议：立足本国国情,逐步调整对合资寿险公司股权比例的限制；稳步推进国内寿险公司“走出去”战略；监管政策引导,逐步实现区域平衡发展。
[Abstract]:The role of foreign insurance companies in the domestic insurance market is that policymakers are very concerned about the topic. In the past three, forty years, one of the most common view is that even the entry of foreign insurance companies have banned, should also be given a considerable degree of policy restrictions to protect the stability of the domestic insurance market. Therefore, many countries have to some extent limit the investment and operation of foreign insurance companies in the country, the insurance market showing mostly monopolistic or oligopolistic market structure. However, this situation is with the nation's financial liberalization reform more and more deeply and gradually changing. So far, there are more than 70 countries in the world the realization of the free flow of capital. With the reform of domestic micro economy and trade related, many countries have gradually opened the market for goods and financial service, once criticized Foreign direct investment, it warmly pursued, tariff and non-tariff trade barriers are gradually reduced, the state owned enterprise reform, privatization degree deepens, many governments of the financial sector, especially the insurance industry to relax the policy control. However, risks and drawbacks of this kind of financial liberalization can not be ignored, for not yet fully mature domestic market, especially the financial services and insurance industries, foreign investment will bring considerable impact to the national economy.
Chinese as the emerging countries, the development of the life insurance industry is only 20 years, not in western developed countries and the insurance industry development history in the last hundred years. But since the recovery in domestic life insurance business, the rapid development of the industry, the number of business entities and the premium income increase, economic compensation, financing and social management functions to develop and enrich and in the social and economic life is playing an increasingly important role. The average annual premium growth from 14 billion 60 million yuan in 1999 to 1 trillion and 137 billion yuan in 2009, an average annual rate of 27% in 2010 Chinese insurance market expansion, the premium scale has been ranked sixth in the world, and with the increase of population and rapid development of the domestic economy and this figure will continue to rise. It is expected that the Swiss Reinsurance Company in 2021, Chinese will become the world's second after the United States Life insurance and non life insurance market. Chinese can become the world's fastest growing premium scale area, the power of foreign capital is not. The development of foreign insurance industry in China, the whole mechanism is more perfect, and the foreign insurance company is in accordance with the requirements of it at home to operate, this is a strong demonstration effect for domestic companies, not only improve the competition mechanism China insurance market, but also to promote the standardization of China's insurance industry, the end of.2001, China has become a member of the world trade organization, the insurance industry as the vanguard of the financial industry to realize the opening to the outside world, committed to allowing foreign companies to enter the market China, specific include foreign life insurance companies are allowed to set up branches or foreign owned 50% of the joint venture company, cancel the business and geographical restrictions. The entry of foreign insurance companies to China's life insurance market has brought The unprecedented impact not only made domestic insurance companies learn advanced technology and management experience in various fields such as underwriting, marketing, pricing, investment and so on, but also played a significant role in promoting China's life insurance market competition mechanism and market supervision.
This paper uses theoretical analysis and empirical analysis of the basic method of analysis of the two kinds of economy, realize the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Firstly, this paper starts from the qualitative analysis, analyzes the current situation of foreign investment into China's insurance market, to establish a theoretical support for the research into the impact of foreign life insurance industry. Secondly, in on the basis of qualitative analysis, this paper uses statistical data related to quantitative research, from three aspects of market structure, market behavior and market performance of detailed analysis on influence of the entry of foreign capital. The structure of the market, from the entry barriers, market concentration degree and three degree angle of product differentiation, in-depth analysis of the history and evolution the future development trend of China's life insurance market structure; market behavior, the entry of foreign capital is not only the introduction of the western advanced management idea, management mode and product development technology etc., The sound management style promotes rational competitive behavior of domestic life insurance companies; market performance, this paper analyzes the effect of the entry of foreign capital from the two levels of the industry level and company level, and by using the financial index analysis and multiple regression model theory provides the basis for the empirical analysis. Finally, on the basis of the actual operation situation of China's life insurance companies and foreign investment into effect on the empirical analysis results, we put forward some suggestions: Based on the national conditions, gradually adjust the percentage of the equity joint venture life insurance company limited; steadily promote the domestic life insurance companies to "go out" strategy; regulatory policy guidance, and gradually realize the balanced development of the region.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F842.6;F832.6;F224

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