基于效率和制度设计视角的我国社区银行定位问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 23:41

本文关键词： 社区银行定位银行效率制度设计　出处：《天津商业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前我国银行业虽然具备了不同规模、较为齐备的银行类型,但是在竞争中对目标客户和业务范围的定位发生了偏差,大型银行和中小型银行在服务日益同质化的趋势中展开了激烈竞争:大型银行由过去争抢大型客户到现在和中小银行争抢小微客户,中小银行不顾自身能力和效率盲目求大求全。无论是社区支行,还是中小银行,都已经具备了美国社区银行的“形”,却由于缺乏成熟的制度环境,相关制度设计中缺乏法律层面的政策性约束,导致社区银行的实质性功能定位缺失,设立在农村地区、贫困地区的金融机构出于逐利的本能,倾向于将从当地吸收的存款发放到资金回报率高的发达地区,导致弱势群体求助“地下金融”,扰乱了正常的金融市场秩序,不利于银行业整体效率的提升。只有监管层完善制度设计,使不同规模的银行在市场中明确自己的位置,才能培育出符合其功能定位的社区银行,因此,对社区银行进行清晰定位是十分必要和重要的。本文首先对社区银行的理论界定义和功能定位进行了探讨,分析了社区支行和中小银行的发展现状和存在的问题。其次从制度的视角,选取美国的社区银行发展经验作为借鉴和对比,分析了在美国特定制度环境下社区银行的特点以及在较成熟的金融环境中取得的瞩目发展。最为值得借鉴的一点,也是本文的创新点之一,即建议借鉴美国《社区再投资法》,立法约束我国社区银行行为。提高银行效率是增强银行核心竞争力的根本,因此基于提升银行效率的视角对社区银行给予清晰的定位尤为重要。文章运用新制度经济学相关理论,分别从产权、规模和制度三方面阐述了基于效率视角的社区银行定位问题。在此基础上,从宏观和微观两个方面进行制度设计:一是总体框架设计,包括其准入退出制度、法律制度、监管制度和信用体系建设等,二是银行内部制度设计,包括产权和组织结构、经营模式、准入速度和网点布局等。本文主要结论:第一,监管层在制度上对社区银行做出清晰、可操作性强的规范将有利于提升社区银行和整体银行业的效率。可借鉴《社区再投资法》,规定不同规模的银行都有对落后社区再投资的义务,核定不同比例,在达到一定考核标准后可降低该比例,切实履行社区银行的功能定位,落实普惠金融政策。第二,银行要根据自身情况选择合理的经营规模,并非规模越大效率越高。要避免进一步同质化,不同规模的银行机构要在深入分析各自特征和优势以及服务能力的基础上,在“全球性银行、全国性银行、社区性银行”中找准战略定位,坚持有所为,有所不为。第三,提出新建社区银行时宜采用清晰的民营私有产权控股的观点,提升产权效率。
[Abstract]:At present, although China's banking industry has different size and relatively complete banking types, the positioning of target customers and business scope has been deviated in the competition. Large banks and small and medium-sized banks are competing fiercely against the growing homogeneity of services: large banks have gone from competing for large customers to competing with small and medium-sized banks for small and micro customers. Small and medium-sized banks blindly seek for perfection regardless of their own ability and efficiency. Both community branches and small and medium-sized banks have acquired the "shape" of American community banks, but due to the lack of a mature institutional environment, The lack of legal policy constraints in the design of relevant systems leads to the lack of substantive functional orientation of community banks, which is established in rural areas, and the financial institutions in poor areas are motivated by the instinct of pursuing profits. The tendency to release deposits from local sources to developed regions with high rates of return on funds has led vulnerable groups to resort to "underground finance", disrupting normal financial market order. It is not conducive to the improvement of the overall efficiency of the banking industry. Only by perfecting the institutional design of the supervisory level and making banks of different sizes clear their position in the market can they cultivate community banks that conform to their functional orientation. It is very necessary and important to define the community bank clearly. Firstly, this paper discusses the definition and function of the community bank. This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the development of community branches and small and medium-sized banks. Secondly, from the perspective of system, the author selects the development experience of American community banks as reference and comparison. This paper analyzes the characteristics of community banks in the specific institutional environment of the United States and the remarkable development achieved in the more mature financial environment. The most valuable point for reference is also one of the innovations of this paper. That is, it is suggested to draw lessons from the American Community Reinvestment Act and legislate to restrict the behavior of our country's community banks. Improving the efficiency of banks is the fundamental to enhance the core competitiveness of banks. Therefore, it is particularly important to position community banks clearly based on the perspective of improving bank efficiency. On the basis of this, the author designs the system from the macro and micro aspects: one is the overall framework design, including the entry and exit system, and the legal system. Supervision system and credit system construction, the second is the bank internal system design, including property rights and organizational structure, business model, access speed and network layout, etc. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the supervision layer makes clear to the community bank in the system. Strong operational norms will be conducive to improving the efficiency of community banks and the banking sector as a whole. We can learn from the Community Reinvestment Law and stipulate that banks of different sizes have the obligation to reinvest in backward communities and approve different proportions. After meeting certain assessment standards, banks can reduce this proportion, effectively fulfill the functional orientation of community banks, and implement inclusive financial policies. Second, banks should choose a reasonable scale of operation according to their own circumstances. To avoid further homogenization, banking institutions of different sizes need to analyze their own characteristics and strengths and service capabilities in depth, on the basis of "global banks, national banks," In the community bank, we should find out the strategic orientation, insist on doing something and do something wrong. Thirdly, we should put forward the viewpoint that the new community bank should adopt the clear private private property right holding to improve the efficiency of property right.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F832.3

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