村镇银行制度创新研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 13:17

本文选题：村镇银行　切入点：供求错位　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：村镇银行是在农村地区设立的主要为当地农民、农业和农村经济发展提供金融服务的银行业金融机构,其成立与发展是中国农村金融市场开放和创新的有益尝试。作为深化农村金融改革的创新之举,村镇银行为当前的农村金融发展注入了“新鲜的血液”,有利于竞争性农村金融市场的构建,在一定程度上缓解了当前农村金融供需的矛盾,也为民间资本提供了一条良性的发展道路,对农村金融的发展具有积极的意义。但是,从村镇银行2007年开始试点至今,也暴露出了诸多的问题,本文从制度创新的视角对当前村镇银行发展中的问题进行研究。本文首先从农村金融市场的需求方入手,着重以农户和农村中小企业这两类市场主体为中心,分析了这两类主体在金融市场上的需求现状,并以调查问卷的形式对当前农户的需求特征进行了实证的分析。其次以村镇银行为供给的主体,对村镇银行的制度安排和发展现状进行了剖析。再次是通过制度供给和需求的对比分析,总结出村镇银行发展中的一些错位,主要有村镇银行发展目标的缺失、设立方式的受限和发展方向的错位三方面,并从市场的需求方、供给方和政府三方面,分析了造成村镇银行制度供求错位的成因。就需求方而言,农民和农村中小企业的发展有着先天的弱质性的同时还有着后天的发展不足,其自身的生存和发展面临了诸多的困难；而从供给方来看,村镇银行是商业性银行,其经营发展必须要考虑到公司利益的最大化,同时降低银行承受的风险；而政府作为市场的管理者也缺少对市场的规范和引导,相关的配套制度也都不完善。可以说,当前村镇银行面临的问题是由诸多因素的共同合力造成的。最后笔者通过对村镇银行建立以来的制度创新进行了相关的轨迹梳理,从制度结构和制度安排层面总结了现有的村镇银行制度创新,分析总结出村镇银行制度创新是以政府为主导的制度变迁模式。面对当前村镇银行制度创新主体不足问题,笔者提出以拓展创新主体的创新空间和加强新型农民的培养来鼓励和培育村镇银行成为创新的主体。同时,本文还对村镇银行制度创新的路径进行了一些探讨,希望村镇银行通过从产权制度、市场制度和经营制度方面的创新改革来加强自身的建设、吸收更多资本、完善配套制度实现健康有序的发展。另外文章还总结了村镇银行制度创新问题根源在于制度创新的“路径依赖”和村镇银行自身的创新动力不足。
[Abstract]:The Village and Town Bank is a banking financial institution established in rural areas to provide financial services to local farmers, agriculture and rural economic development. Its establishment and development is a beneficial attempt to open up and innovate the rural financial market in China. Village banks have injected "fresh blood" into the current rural financial development, which is conducive to the construction of competitive rural financial markets, and to a certain extent alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of rural finance. It also provides a good way for the development of private capital and has a positive significance for the development of rural finance. However, since the village bank started its pilot project in 2007, it has also exposed many problems. This paper studies the problems in the development of village banks from the perspective of institutional innovation. This paper begins with the demand side of the rural financial market, focusing on the farmers and rural small and medium-sized enterprises as the center of the two kinds of market subjects, and analyzes the demand status of the two main bodies in the financial market. The demand characteristics of current farmers are analyzed empirically in the form of questionnaire. Secondly, the rural banks are the main body of supply. Thirdly, through the comparative analysis of the system supply and demand, the author summarizes some dislocation in the development of the village bank, mainly the lack of the development goal of the village bank. This paper analyzes the causes of the dislocation of the supply and demand of the village bank system from the three aspects of the market demand side, the supply side and the government, from the three aspects of the limitation of the mode of establishment and the misalignment of the development direction, as far as the demand side is concerned. The development of farmers and small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas is inherently weak and underdeveloped at the same time, and their own survival and development are faced with many difficulties. From the supply side, village and town banks are commercial banks. The government, as the manager of the market, also lacks the norm and guidance to the market, and the relevant supporting system is not perfect. At present, the problems faced by village banks are caused by the joint efforts of many factors. Finally, the author combs the relevant path of institutional innovation since the establishment of village banks. This paper sums up the existing village bank system innovation from the system structure and system arrangement level, analyzes and summarizes that the village bank system innovation is the system vicissitude mode dominated by the government, facing the problem that the main body of the village and town bank system innovation is insufficient at present. The author proposes to expand the innovation space of the main body of innovation and strengthen the cultivation of new farmers to encourage and cultivate the village bank to become the main body of innovation. At the same time, this paper also discusses the path of the innovation of the system of the village and town bank. It is hoped that the village and town banks will strengthen their own construction and absorb more capital through innovative reforms in the property rights system, the market system and the management system. In addition, the paper summarizes that the root of the institutional innovation of village banks lies in the "path dependence" of system innovation and the lack of innovation power of village banks themselves.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.35

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