基于HL银行的中小企业信贷管理问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 06:20

本文选题：中小企业　切入点：信贷融资　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国中小企业发展迅速,并在就业及经济增长方面做出了突出贡献,但中小企业融资难,特别是通过银行融资难,已经成为制约中小企业进一步发展的瓶颈。并且,随着大企业直接融资渠道的拓宽,金融“脱媒”现象进一步加剧,银行作为间接资金融通媒介的作用越来越弱化,各商业银行间竞争日益激烈,单纯靠大企业盈利的经营模式已经行不通,新的经济形势下,银行转型迫在眉睫。而银行转型不仅包括经营理念的转变、客户结构的调整,更包括产品结构和信贷模式的调整。本文正是在这种背景下,通过理论与实践相结合法、比较分析法、案例分析法等方法,站在银行的视角,旨在通过研究分析HL银行中小企业信贷管理现状,指出中小企业业务中存在的问题,并提出针对性对策,以此从银行角度找出破解中小企业融资难的途径。本文创新之处在于：针对中小企业存在的管理不规范、经营者素质偏低等问题,指出尽管中小企业存在一些问题,但由于中小企业群体众多,可大大分散银行贷款风险,降低风险成本,因此,金融机构应该主动解放思想转变观念,积极改善对中小企业的信贷服务,而不是被动地等待中小企业解决好自身问题以后再予帮扶,并提出了改善银行信贷管理的的一系列具体措施：一是针对HL银行中小企业服务组织架构上的问题,提出建立专营中小企业服务机构,打造“专业化经营、流程化管理、个性化考核、立体化营销”的架构格局,指出中小企业服务机构内部应设置专职营销部门及风险管理部门,更有效地进行中小企业客户开发及风险防控。二是针对HL银行审批流程方面的制约,指出中小企业业务流程应在有效防控风险的前提下,尽可能减少审批环节、提高审批效率,减轻营销人员工作量,提高营销人员开发中小企业业务的积极性,才能满足中小企业“急、频、快”的信贷需求,并设计了“2+1”、“1+1”审批模式的具体流程。三是针对HL银行激励考核机制上的问题,指出由于中小企业单户贷款金额小、风险相对较高,营销人员工作量大、责任与收入不匹配, HL银行应建立以贷款笔数为基础考核指标,同时兼顾贷款金额的考核体系。四是针对HL银行目前信用评级不能较好反映中小企业真实风险水平的问题,指出HL银行应实施独立的中小企业信用评级体系,将中小企业经营情况和经营者个人信息纳入评分范围,并列示了具体评级指标分值和评分标准。五是针对中小型企业相对大型企业而言固定资产少,融资银行家数少,中小企业贷款一旦出现不良,通过变卖固定资产或向其他银行再融资来偿还逾期贷款的可能性较小,不良贷款的出现,很可能预示着企业即将破产的情况,指出HL银行应建立单独的风险分类和损失拨备制度,制定专项的不良贷款处置政策,建立合理的不良贷款快速核销机制,并提出了充分计提贷款损失拨备、直接核销不良资产,以及与第三方机构合作、迅速转让不良资产的两种具体方案。另外,针对中小企业信息不透明,担保公司担保风险大等问题,建议由政府设立中小企业信用数据库查询系统,解决中小企业融资难的关键问题——信息不对称；并且建议构建不同层次的再担保体系,对担保机构提供再担保,分散担保公司风险。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of SMEs in China, and has made outstanding contributions in the employment and economic growth, but the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially through bank financing has become a bottleneck restricting the further development of small and medium-sized enterprises. And, with large enterprises to broaden direct financing channels, financial disintermediation intensified. As the bank and indirect financial intermediation role of the media increasingly weakened, the competition among commercial banks is becoming increasingly fierce, simply relying on their business model has not work, under the new economic situation, the bank restructuring is imminent. While the bank not only change the transformation including business philosophy, customer structure adjustment, including product structure and credit model adjustment. In this background, through theory and practice combination method, comparative analysis, case analysis and other methods, from the bank's perspective, to Through the research and analysis of the credit management status of HL bank SMEs, this paper points out the problems existing in SMEs' business, and puts forward specific countermeasures, so as to find out the way to solve the financing difficulties of SMEs from the perspective of banks.
The innovations of this paper are: for small and medium enterprises are not standardized management, operators such as low quality problems, pointed out that although the small and medium-sized enterprise has some problems, but because of the small and medium-sized enterprise group is numerous, can disperse the risk of bank loans, reducing the cost of risk, therefore, financial institutions should take the initiative to change ideas, improve on the small and medium sized enterprises credit services, rather than passively waiting for small and medium-sized enterprises to solve their own problems later to help, and puts forward the improvement of bank credit management of a series of concrete measures: one is for the HL bank for small and medium-sized enterprise service organization structure problems, proposed the establishment of specialized service institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises, to create "professional management, process management, individualized assessment, structure of three-dimensional marketing", points out that the internal service institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises should set up a full-time marketing department and risk management The Department, more effectively the customers of small and medium-sized enterprises development and risk control. The two is to restrict HL Bank approval process, pointed out that the business process of small and medium enterprises should be based on the effective prevention and control of risk, as far as possible to reduce the approval procedures, improve processing efficiency, reduce the workload of the marketing personnel, improve the enthusiasm of the marketing personnel of small and medium-sized enterprises business development small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to meet the urgent demand for credit, frequency, fast ", and the design of the" 2+1 "," 1+1 specific processes "approval mode. The three is for the HL bank incentive mechanism problems in small and medium-sized enterprises, pointed out by the single family loan amount is small, relatively high risk, marketing staff workload, responsibility and income do not match, the HL bank should establish a loan number based assessment index, taking into account the amount of the loan appraisal system. The four is for the HL bank credit rating can not reflect the small current The real risk level of the enterprise, points out that the small and medium-sized enterprises credit rating system of HL bank should carry out independent, small and medium-sized enterprises operation and operator individual information into scoring range, and lists the specific rating index score and standard for evaluation. Five for small and medium enterprises to large enterprises fixed assets, financing bankers few once the bad loans of small and medium enterprises, through the sale of fixed assets or to other bank refinancing less likely to repay overdue loans, non-performing loans, it may indicate that the enterprise is bankrupt, HL pointed out that banks should establish risk classification and provisioning system alone, developing the special disposal of non-performing loan policy, establishing a rapid verification of the reasonable mechanism of non-performing loans, and made sufficient provision for loan loss provision, the direct write off bad assets, and the third party organization Two specific programs of cooperation, rapid transfer of non-performing assets. In addition, in view of the small and medium-sized enterprise information opaque, Guarantee Corporation security risks and other issues, proposed by the government to set up small and medium enterprise credit database query system, to solve the financing problems of small and medium enterprises -- information asymmetry; and proposes that different levels of guarantee system, provide guarantee to guarantee agencies, dispersing risk of the Guarantee Corporation.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

【相似文献】