农村中小金融机构监管有效性及其评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 18:37

本文选题：农村中小金融机构　切入点：监管目标　出处：《湖南大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农村中小金融机构数量多、分布面广、基础薄弱，一直是我国金融监管的薄弱环节。为了维护农村金融市场的稳定，充分发挥农村金融体系对“三农”和县域经济的支持作用，农村中小金融机构监管的有效性亟待提高。本文着眼于当前和未来一段时期我国农村金融和县域金融的战略发展，针对农村中小金融机构的监管历程与现状，系统地研究农村中小金融机构监管的有效性及其评价方法，从中得到相关启示并对提高农村中小金融机构监管有效性提出对策建议。遵循金融理论和金融业发展的脉络，通过经济发展与金融发展的关系对金融监管的演变过程进行梳理，阐明金融发展和金融监管的必要性；通过阐释二元经济结构理论和农村金融相关理论，探寻农村中小金融机构监管有效性评价的理论依据。与其它金融机构相比，农村中小金融机构具有特殊性，，这种特殊性既与其历史演变过程和现状有关，也与其服务对象是“三农”和县域经济有关，这决定了其监管目标应与其他金融监管的目标有质的区别。农村中小金融机构监管目标包括：促使农村中小金融机构持续、稳定地为县域经济提供服务；保证农村中小金融机构的安全性；防范农村金融市场的系统性风险；在农村金融市场合理地引入竞争机制；以一定的成本最好地实现上述目标。农村中小金融机构监管有效性的基本内涵包括：农村中小金融机构对“三农”和县域经济的支持程度，降低信息不对称的程度，农村中小金融机构稳定运营程度，监管的激励和约束效应，监管机构实现监管目标的成本水平。我国农村中小金融机构监管大致经历了计划经济时期的无为监管、改革开放初期的严格监管、20世纪90年代的松化监管和中国银监会主导的审慎监管几个主要阶段。目前，农村中小金融机构监管的理念和监管工作仍存在一些不合理现象和模糊认识，把有限的监管资源和监管精力主要放在了对风险的监管方面，有其片面性。农村中小金融机构监管存在的主要问题有，监管目标不清晰，监管机构与被监管机构之间严重信息不对称，农村中小金融机构经营管理机制不合理，农村金融市场竞争性不强，农村中小金融机构监管成本约束不强，农村中小金融机构监管资源不足，改善农村中小金融机构风险状况的政策支持不到位等，这些问题制约了农村中小金融机构监管的有效性。为了实现农村中小金融机构监管的目标，针对农村中小金融机构监管存在的现实问题，有必要对其监管的模式、体制和方法进行创新。将导向监管、风险监管、机制监管和成本管理四种农村中小金融机构的平衡监管模式称为“协同性监管”。“协同性监管”是在我国二元经济结构条件下，适宜于对在经济不发达的县域经营的且处于弱势状态的农村中小金融机构实施监管的一种模式。导向监管解决监管对象为县域经济和三农服务的问题，风险监管解决监管对象安全性和区域性系统性风险防范问题，机制监管解决监管对象竞争机制和公司治理结构问题，成本管理解决监管机构经费使用不合理的问题，另外监管体制创新和监管方法创新则为上述监管工作以及成本管理提供条件，建立有效的激励与约束机制，以提高工作效率，并有效解决农村中小金融机构监管资源不足的问题。采用所设计的指标体系和实际数据进行监管有效性综合评价发现，过强的风险偏好型监管不利于农村中小金融机构监管目标的实现，应将“协同性监管”理念引入到农村中小金融机构监管有效性评价过程中。通过不同的一级指标权重下的评价结果发现，农村中小金融机构监管有效性具有稳定性，也就是导向监管、风险监管、机制监管和成本管理是相辅相成、相互促进的，四个方面的监管工作协调一致并实施到位，农村中小金融机构就会表现出稳定的良好状态，农村金融市场就会呈现出生机和活力，四个一级指标的得分就会都比较高；反之，在监管低效或者无效的状态下，单个方面的监管成绩是不可能提高农村中小金融机构监管有效性的。因此，针对农村中小金融机构监管目标，等权重的监管有效性综合评价方法是合适的也是富有激励与约束效应的。实证结果显示，从正向影响角度看，目前监管评级对监管目标实现的影响最大，非现场监管的影响次之，现场监管的影响再次；目前市场准入对监管目标实现的影响有限，监管处理对监管目标实现的影响不显著。实证结果也验证了目前的农村中小金融机构监管是风险偏好型的。为了实施农村中小金融机构的“协同性监管”，以提高其监管的有效性，应当制定适当的监管政策和监管机制。
[Abstract]:Rural small and medium financial institutions quantity, wide distribution, weak foundation, has always been a weak link in China's rural financial supervision. In order to maintain the stability of the financial market, give full play to support the role of the rural financial system of "three rural" and the county economy, effective supervision of small and medium-sized financial institutions in rural areas need to be improved. This article focuses on the current and a period of time in the future strategic development of China's rural financial and financial domain, according to the regulatory process and the status quo of rural small and medium financial institutions, the effectiveness and the evaluation method of system of supervision of small and medium-sized rural financial institutions, get inspiration from and to improve the rural small and medium financial institutions supervision effectiveness put forward countermeasures and suggestions.
Follow the development of financial theory and financial industry context, analyzes the relationship between economic development and financial development in the evolution of financial supervision, expounds the necessity of financial development and financial supervision; through the interpretation of two yuan economic structure theory and the rural financial theory, the theoretical basis to explore the rural small and medium financial institutions regulatory effectiveness evaluation.
Compared with other financial institutions, rural small and medium financial institutions has the particularity, the particularity of his history about the evolution process and the status quo, and serve the "three rural" and the county economy, which determines its regulatory objectives should be the goal of financial regulation and other qualitative difference. Rural small and medium financial institutions regulatory objectives include: to promote sustainable rural small and medium financial institutions, to provide services for the county economy; to ensure the safety of rural small and medium financial institutions; the system of risk prevention of rural financial market; introducing competition mechanism in the rural financial market reasonably; at a certain cost best to achieve these goals. Including the basic connotation of rural small and medium financial institutions regulatory effectiveness the degree of support of small and medium-sized rural financial institutions to "three rural" and the county economy, reduce the degree of information asymmetry, rural primary gold To stabilize the operating level of the organization, the incentive and restraint effects of supervision, and the cost level of the regulatory agency to achieve the regulatory objectives.
Rural small and medium financial institutions supervision in China has experienced regulatory inaction in the planned economy period, the strict supervision of the reform and opening up, the prudential supervision of several main stages of loose supervision in 1990s and China led CBRC. At present, small and medium-sized rural financial institutions supervision idea and supervision work there are still some unreasonable phenomenon and vague understanding of the the limited regulatory resources and regulatory focus on the risk supervision, has its one sidedness. Main problems of regulation in small and medium sized rural financial institutions, regulatory objectives are not clear, between the regulators and the regulated institutions serious information asymmetry, the management mechanism of rural small and medium financial institutions unreasonable, rural financial market competition is not strong, rural small and medium financial institutions supervision cost constraint is not strong, small and medium-sized rural financial institutions supervision resources, improve the rural small and medium financial The policy support of institutional risk is not in place. These problems restrict the effectiveness of the supervision of the rural small and medium financial institutions.
In order to realize the supervision of small rural financial institutions, according to the practical problems of supervision of small rural financial institutions, it is necessary for the supervision mode, system and method of innovation. The guide of supervision, supervision, supervision mode and supervision mechanism of the balance of the cost management of four kinds of rural small and medium financial institutions called "cooperative supervision". "Synergy regulation" is in the condition of China's economic structure of two yuan, a suitable model for rural financial institutions to small and medium business in underdeveloped counties and the disadvantaged status of the implementation of supervision. To solve the object oriented regulation regulation for the county economy and rural services, solve the security risk supervision supervision object regional and systemic risk prevention mechanism to solve the problem, the regulatory supervision object of competition mechanism and corporate governance structure to solve the problem, the cost management of regulatory funds With unreasonable problems, besides, supervision system innovation and supervision method innovation will provide conditions for the above supervision and cost management, and establish effective incentive and restraint mechanisms to improve work efficiency and effectively solve the problem of insufficient supervision resources in rural small and medium-sized financial institutions.
Comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of supervision by the design of indicators system and the actual data, realize the risk appetite regulation too strong is not conducive to small and medium-sized rural financial institutions supervision objectives, should be "supervision" into the concept of collaborative rural small and medium financial institutions supervision effectiveness evaluation process. By evaluating the level of index weights of different the results show that the small and medium-sized rural financial institutions
The effectiveness of supervision has stability, is oriented supervision, risk supervision, supervision mechanism and cost management are complementary, mutual promotion and coordination of regulatory work in four aspects and will be implemented in rural small and medium financial institutions showed good stability, the rural financial market will be showing vigor and vitality, the four level the index score will be relatively high; on the other hand, in the supervision of inefficient or invalid state, individual aspects of the regulatory performance is unlikely to improve the rural small and medium financial institutions supervision effectiveness. Therefore, for small and medium-sized rural financial institutions regulatory objectives, regulatory effectiveness of the comprehensive evaluation method of the weight is suitable and full of incentive and restraint effect.
The empirical results show that the positive effect from the point of view, the impact of the current regulatory rating of regulatory goals, off-site supervision effect, effect of on-site supervision again; affect the current market access supervision on realizing the goal of the limited regulatory treatment effect on the regulation goal is not significant. The empirical results also validate the current the small and medium-sized rural financial institutions supervision is the type of risk appetite. In order to "cooperative supervision" implementation of rural small and medium financial institutions, to improve the effectiveness of supervision, should develop appropriate regulatory policies and regulatory mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.1

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