XX小额贷款公司业务模式及运营风险分析

发布时间：2018-03-25 10:08

本文选题：小额贷款公司　切入点：业务模式　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代初，国外的小额信贷开始出现，并在以后的二十年里有了长足的发展，这一期间，小额信贷是走“福利主义”还是“制度主义”之路一直是众多学者争议的问题。中国的小额信贷从“扶贫经济合作社”开始，经历几个阶段的发展。随着小额信贷在中国经济社会中的作用逐渐显现，这种以“蓝海市场”为目标的信贷模式，因其能有效解决我国部分农村金融问题、提高农村及低收入群体的收入、在一定程度上替代民间借贷、让更多的国民分享经济增长的好处、消除政治经济中的不稳定因素，而受到了中国政府的高度重视和认可。在今天，更多形式存在的，是商业化运作的“小额贷款公司”。这些以民营资本占主体的“小额贷款公司”，在其发展的过程中，除了要面对可控的内部风险以外，还要面临包括法律、政策层面上的不可控外部风险，如何让这些“小额贷款公司”克服各种风险，健康发展并持续经营下去，更好地服务于中国经济，“小额贷款公司”将面临怎样的社会地位与政策引导，将走怎样的一条路，是经济界及所有小额贷款公司极为关注的问题。本文从研究小额信贷的发展开始入手，系统地研究了中国小额信贷的发展历程，总结出中国政府所推行的小额贷款公司是以制度主义形式为主的，详细地介绍了辽宁省小额贷款公司的发展情况，间接地介绍了XX小额贷款公司生存的政策环境，通过对XX小额贷款公司的业务模式（从客户、利率、担保方式等方面）及运营风险（公司内部的机制和外部政策、环境等方面）的分析，总结出XX小额贷款公司是一家发展得较好的小额贷款公司，其在运营上有其独到之处，但也有不尽如人意的地方，XX小额贷款公司为了生存与发展，在业务上充分发挥小额贷款公司的便捷、灵活优势，在积极为区域内的中小企业服务的同时，也得到了丰厚的经济回报。但是，XX小额贷款公司在运营中时时面对各种风险的考验，有来自于企业内部的、社会经济环境的，也有相当一部分是来自于法律和政策层面上的，这些风险是XX小额贷款公司也是所有的小额贷款公司所共同面临的行业发展的瓶颈，是他们凭借自身力量根本无法解决的。本文从这一事实出发，对政府改进小额贷款公司风险现状的法律及政策建设提出了建议，，希望能够尽快建立、完善和出台相关法律、法规，为小额贷款公司确定社会身份与地位，给小额贷款公司一个健康、可持续发展的平台；在经营上、业务上适当放手、不要过度监管，给小额贷款公司一个公平、竞争发展的平台；在税收上让小额贷款公司享受与其社会责任、业务相对等的政策，给小额贷款公司一个向“蓝海人群”提供关心、帮扶服务的平台。并真正从完善金融体系、开展农村金融改革及服务“三农”的角度出发，制定切实可行的、能够正确引导民间资本的政策，以期实现中国小额贷款行业的健康、公平、可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In the early 1970s, foreign microfinance began to appear, and it has made great progress in the next twenty years. During this period, the way of "welfare" or "institutionalism" has always been a controversial issue among many scholars.
China microfinance started from "poor cooperative", experienced several stages of development. With the development of microfinance in China in economic society gradually, this kind of "blue ocean market" as the goal of the credit model, because it can effectively solve the problem of rural finance and rural part of our country, improve the income of low-income groups. Instead of borrowing to a certain extent, let more people share the benefits of economic growth, the elimination of political instability in the economy, and has been highly valued and recognized China government. Today, more and more forms of existence, is the commercial operation of the "small loan company". The majority of private capital "small loan company", in the process of its development, in addition to the controllable internal risks, but also face legal, policy level of uncontrollable external risks, how to make it Some small loan companies to overcome various risks, healthy development and continue to operate, to better serve the economic China, micro credit company will face the social status and how policy guidance, will go one way. How is the economic circle and all microfinance companies pay close attention to the question.
This paper starts from the development of microfinance, systematically studies the development of China microfinance, summed up the implementation of the government's Chinese small loan company is based on the institutional form, introduces in detail the development of small loan companies in Liaoning Province, indirectly introduced XX microfinance company survival policy environment according to XX, the small loan company's business model (from the customer, guarantee rate, etc.) and operation risk (internal mechanism and external policy environment, etc.) of the analysis, summed up the XX small loan company is a better development of microfinance company, which has its originality in operation, but there are also unsatisfactory, XX small loan company in order to survive and develop in the business and give full play to the small loan company is convenient, flexible, in the product is extremely in the area Small business services at the same time, also got huge economic returns. However, XX microfinance companies always face the test of various risks in the operation, from within the enterprise, social and economic environment, there are also a considerable part is from the law and the policy level, the risk is the bottleneck of the development of small XX a loan company is all the microfinance companies facing the industry, they are by virtue of its own strength can not be solved. Based on this fact, the laws and policies of government to improve the status of risk of small loan company construction and puts forward some suggestions, hoping to establish as soon as possible, and improve the introduction of relevant laws, regulations, determine the social identity and status for the small loan companies, small loan companies to a healthy and sustainable development of the platform; in business, business appropriate to let go, not excessive regulation, give small loans A company is a fair competition, the development of the platform; the tax so small loan companies enjoy their social responsibility, business relative policies, to provide a small loan company to "Blue Ocean crowd" care and support services platform. And really from the perfect financial system, rural financial reform and "three rural" service the point of view, make feasible, can correctly guide the private capital policy, in order to achieve the China microfinance industry health, fair and sustainable development.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4

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